Unit 1

Question 1

Isotope

Answer 1

Atoms of the same element with different number of neutron

Question 2

compound

Answer 2

substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined

Question 3

element

Answer 3

Pure substance made up of only one type of atom

Question 4

covalent bond

Answer 4

A chemical bond in which atoms share electrons, at least 1 electron needs to be shared each way

Question 5

ionic bond

Answer 5

Chemical bond where electrons transfer - when an electron is gained the atom becomes a negative charged ion, when an electron is lost the atom becomes a positively charged ion

Question 6

ion

Answer 6

positive and negative charged atoms

Question 7

pH

Answer 7

The measurement of how acidic or basic a substance is

Question 8

adhesion

Answer 8

A polar substance sticking to another polar substance of a different substance

Question 9

cohesion

Answer 9

A polar substance sticking to another polar substance of the same substance

Question 10

heat capacity

Answer 10

The ability of H2o to resist fast variation from outside temperature

Question 11

acid

Answer 11

A substance involving a pH less than 7, contains more H+ ions than OH- ions

Question 12

base

Answer 12

A substance involving a pH more than 7, contains more OH- ions than H+ ions

Question 13

homeostasis

Answer 13

The process of an organism maintaining a stable internal environment even when it’s external environment changes

Question 14

negative feedback loop

Answer 14

When a system deviates from its normal range, a negative feedback loop triggers a response that brings it back to the set point.

Question 15

positive feedback loop

Answer 15

A positive feedback loop enhances the initial change, causing a cascading effect until a specific outcome is reached.

Question 16

macro molecule

Answer 16

Large molecules made by many other smaller molecules known as monomers

Question 17

lipids

Answer 17

Fatty compounds within the body that serve as a long term energy source/ storage for energy, waterproof covering, insulation, and protection on the top of your skin

Question 18

carbohydrates

Answer 18

Compounds used as short term energy/ storing energy, and structure (cell walls in plants)

Question 19

Nucleic acid

Answer 19

Store and transmit genetic/hereditary information

Question 20

protein

Answer 20

Makes up structure of muscles, speeds up chemical reactions (enzymes), helps fight infection through antibodies

Question 21

amino acids

Answer 21

Compounds that form proteins by making a long chain of bonded amino acid compounds

Question 22

specific heat

Answer 22

The amount of heat energy needed to waver a substance’s temperature

Question 23

exergonic

Answer 23

When energy is released during a chemical reaction - you can tell when the products are at a lower level than the reactants

Question 24

endergonic

Answer 24

When energy is absorbed during a chemical reaction - you can tell when the products are at a higher level than the reactants

Question 25

exothermic

Answer 25

A reaction that releases energy from itself in the form of heat

Question 26

endothermic

Answer 26

A reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings in the form of heat

Question 27

R group

Answer 27

Variable group in an amino acid

Question 28

poly peptides

Answer 28

Multiple amino acids bonded by peptide bond

Question 29

ATP

Answer 29

Energy molecule made from metabolised foods that is broken into ADP + P or if formed into ATP from ADP + P - this reaction release

Question 30

solute

Answer 30

the substance that is dissolved into a solvent

Question 31

solvent

Answer 31

the substance the solute is dissolved into

Question 32

organic molecules

Answer 32

a molecule that contains carbon atoms, typically bonded to hydrogen atoms

Question 33

Macromolecules

Answer 33

giant molecules formed by many monomers

Question 34

Carbon compounds

Answer 34

chemical substances containing carbon

Question 35

Levels of organization

Answer 35

atomic, molecular, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere

Question 36

Prokaryotes

Answer 36

single celled organisms WITHOUT a nucleus - Eubacteria = "true bacteria" and Archaea = "ancient" bacteria that lives in extreme conditions

Question 37

Eukaryotes

Answer 37

organisms with cells that contain a nucleus - animals, plants, etc...

Question 38

phosphate groups

Answer 38

a phosphorus atom - makes up nucleic acids and is a part of ATP (ENERGY)

Question 39

enzymes

Answer 39

Proteins that act as catalysts for chemical reactions within cells

Question 40

catalyst

Answer 40

Substances that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the amount of activation energy

Question 41

substrates

Answer 41

Reactants of enzyme catalyzed reactions

Question 42

activation energy

Answer 42

the minimum amount of energy required for reactant molecules to transition into products

Question 43

nucleotide

Answer 43

The monomers that build nucleic acids

Question 44

characteristics of living things

Answer 44

Contain DNA Grow & Develop Respond to their environment (stimulus) Reproduce (asexual & sexual) Maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis) Obtain and use material and energy (metabolism) Made of cells Evolve over time

Question 45

peptide bonds

Answer 45

bonding amino acids

Question 46

autotroph

Answer 46

can make their own energy

Question 47

heterotroph

Answer 47

rely on other organisms for food and energy

Question 48

energy levels

Answer 48

electrons

Question 49

nucleus

Answer 49

protons and neutrons

Question 50

what makes carbon interesting

Answer 50

it can bond to itself and many other molecules to create the compounds of life (chonps)