Unit 3a

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

the study of heredity, encompassing the mechanisms by which traits are passed from parents to offspring

Question 2

fertilization

Answer 2

the process where a male and female gamete (sex cell or sperm and egg) fuse to form a single cell called a zygote

Question 3

trait

Answer 3

Specific characteristic or feature

Question 4

hybrid

Answer 4

the offspring of a cross between parents that differ in genetically determined trait - heterozygous

Question 5

segregation

Answer 5

the separation of paired alleles during meiosis, resulting in each gamete carrying only one allele for each trait

Question 6

gametes

Answer 6

A reproductive cell such as sperm and egg

Question 7

probability

Answer 7

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

Question 8

homozygous

Answer 8

when both alleles in a genotype are identical

Question 9

heterozygous

Answer 9

when the alleles in a genotype are different

Question 10

phenotype

Answer 10

the physical makeup of a particular trait (what it looks like)

Question 11

genotype

Answer 11

The genetic makeup of a particular trait (made up of two alleles)

Question 12

punnet square

Answer 12

a diagram used in genetics to predict the possible genotypes of offspring from a cross between two parents

Question 13

incomplete dominance

Answer 13

Neither allele for a trait is completely dominant over the other, resulting in a blended phenotype in heterozygotes.

Question 14

codominance

Answer 14

a type of inheritance where two different alleles for a trait are both fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual.

Question 15

Homologous

Answer 15

structures, genes, or chromosomes that share a similar structure or evolutionary origin, but may have different function

Question 16

Meiosis

Answer 16

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half, creating four gamete cells with half the original number of chromosomes

Question 17

crossing over

Answer 17

a process that occurs during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material

Question 18

zygote

Answer 18

the single cell formed by the fusion of two gametes (sperm and egg) during fertilization

Question 19

dihybrid

Answer 19

cross between individuals heterozygous for two genes

Question 20

medals laws

Answer 20

law of dominance

law of segregation

law of independent assortment

Question 21

gene linkage

Answer 21

the tendency of genes located close together on the same chromosome to be inherited together during meiosis because they are physically linked

Question 22

law of dominance

Answer 22

dominant allele always is shown over the ressevive

Question 23

law of segregation

Answer 23

each gene separates from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene

Question 24

law of independent assortment

Answer 24

each gene separates from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene

Question 25

genetic mapping

Answer 25

the process of determining the location of genes and other genetic elements on a chromosome or genome

Question 26

tetrad

Answer 26

structure formed during meiosis consisting of two homologous chromosomes, each composed of two identical sister chromatids