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A&P 2 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Epicardium

A
  • Both secrete fluid into the pericardial cavity

- Lubricate & cushion

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2
Q

Superior Vena Cava:

A

returns upper body blood to the heart

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3
Q

Inferior Vena Cava:

A

returns lower body blood to the heart

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4
Q

Right Atrium:

A
  • receives Vena Cavae blood, pumps blood to RV

- pumps blood through the Tricuspid Valve into RV

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5
Q

Right Ventricle:

A
  • receives RA blood pumps blood to pulmonary trunk

- pumps blood through the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve into the Pulmonary Trunk

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6
Q

Pulmonary Trunk:

A

receives RV blood, sends blood to the Pulmonary Arteries

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7
Q

Pulmonary Arteries:

A

receive Pulmonary Trunk blood, send blood to the lungs

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8
Q

Pulmonary Veins:

A

receive blood from the lungs, send blood to LA

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9
Q

Left Atrium:

A
  • receives blood from Pulmonary Veins, pumps blood to LV

- pumps blood through the Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve into LV

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10
Q

Left Ventricle:

A
  • receives LA blood, pumps blood to the Aorta

- pumps blood through Aortic Semilunar Valve into the Aorta

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11
Q

Aorta:

A

receives LV blood, sends blood to all body cells

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12
Q

Coronary Arteries:

A

receive aortic blood, send blood to cardiac muscle

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13
Q

Cardiac Veins:

A

receive cardiac muscle blood, send blood to the Coronary Sinus

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14
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

receives Cardiac Vein blood, sends blood to RA

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15
Q

Chordae Tendineae:

A

attach valves to Papillary Muscles attach into the ventricular walls

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16
Q

Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve:

A

prevents backflow of blood from LV to LA

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17
Q

Tricuspid Valve:

A

prevents backflow of blood from RV into the RA

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18
Q

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve:

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A

prevents blood backflow between RV & the Pulmonary Trunk

19
Q

Aortic Semilunar Valve:

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A

prevents blood backflow between LV & the Aorta

20
Q

Papillary Muscles:

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A

attach chordae tendineae into the ventricular walls

21
Q

Arteries:

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A
  • efferent vessels of the cardiovascular system

- carries blood away from the heart

22
Q

Veins:

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A
  • afferent vessels

- carries blood back to the heart.

23
Q

Capillaries

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A

thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins

24
Q

Arterioles

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A

smallest arteries

25
Venules
smallest veins
26
Pulmonary Circulation
- Transports blood (low in oxygen) from RV to the lungs - Exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide occurs between alveoli & blood in pulmonary capillaries - Returns blood to LA
27
Pulmonary Circuit Summary
Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Semilunar Valve → Pulmonary Trunk → Pulmonary Arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium
28
Systemic Circulation
- Provides blood to all body tissues - Supplies oxygen & other nutrients - Removes carbon dioxide & wastes - Arises from aorta & ends in RA - Blood goes through the pulmonary circulation before it enters the systemic circulation
29
Systemic Circuit Summary
Left Atrium → Bicuspid Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Semilunar Valve → Aorta → All Body Cells → Superior & Inferior Vena Cavae → Right Atrium
30
Coronary Circulation
- Supplies oxygen & nutrients to myocardium of heart | - Removes carbon dioxide & wastes from myocardium
31
Coronary Circuit Summary
Aorta → Coronary Arteries → Cardiac Muscle → Cardiac Veins → Coronary Sinus → RA
32
Collateral Circulation
- Most organs receive blood from more than one arterial branch - Arterial anastomosis - where arteries supplying the same area join together - Arterial anastomoses provide alternative (collateral) ways for tissues to receive O2 & nutrients if one artery is blocked - Prevents or reduces the heart area affected by a myocardial infarction (MI) - Circle of Willis: is an anastomosis which ↓ the chance of a restriction of the supply of O2 to the brain - Aerobic exercises promote collateral circulation (↓risk of an MI)
33
Hepatic Portal Circulation
- Portal: refers to veins which carry blood to organs other than the heart - Materials absorbed into the blood in the digestive system are carried into veins which anastomose into a single hepatic portal vein which leads to the liver - Those materials are processed before the blood continues on to the heart
34
Hepatic Portal Circuit Summary
Aorta → Celiac Artery → Intestines → Hepatic Portal Vein → Liver → Hepatic Vein → Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium BE ABLE TO DRAW DIAGRAM
35
Tetralogy of Fallot 4 abnormalities
- Narrowing of the pulmonary semilunar valve (↓blood flow to the lungs) - RV wall hypertrophy (thickened RV wall) - Ventricular septal defect - Aorta shifted to the right (removes mixed blood from both ventricles)
36
Lymphatic System Functions:
- Drain fluid from around cells - Absorb lipids from the small intestine - Circulate & filter lymph fluid - Provide immunity & protection
37
Lymph
- Fluid portion of the lymphatic system | - Similar to blood plasma & interstitial fluid
38
Lymph Vessels
Transport lymph fluid
39
Lymph Nodes
- Filter microorganisms & cancer cells from the lymph | - Location of lymphocytes & monocytes
40
Thymus
- Programs some lymphocytes to develop into T-cells (T-lymphocytes) - Thymus decreases in size as we age; not present in adults
41
Spleen
- Filters blood of worn out RBCs & bacteria | - Location for lymphocytes & monocytes
42
Lacteals
special lymphatic vessels absorb dietary lipids that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries
43
Edema
Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces (spaces between cells)
44
Causes of Edema:
- Hypertension (↑BP) - Blockage of lymphatic vessel (parasite) - ↑Pressure in veins - Low levels of blood albumin (protein made by the liver) - ↓Fluid returning to blood capillaries - Inflammation (↑pore size) - Blood clot (↑upstream pressure)

A&P 2 (7 decks)

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