Unit 1

Question 1

Critical thinking

Answer 1

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions

Question 2

Empiricism

Answer 2

The idea that knowledge is the result of experience and that specific knowledge is developed through observation and experimentation

Question 3

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 3

• established the first psychology lab

- measured the “atoms of the mind” the fastest mental processors

Question 4

Edward Titchener

Answer 4

• introduced structuralism to study the elements of the mind
• used introspection
• Wundt’s student

Question 5

Structuralism

Answer 5

Early school focused on identifying elements of thought and mind (structures) the way early chemists developed the periodic table to classify elements

Question 6

Introspection

Answer 6

The process of looking inward to directly observe one’s own psychological processes

Question 7

William James

Answer 7

• introduced functionalism

- Principles of Psychology (12 years)

Question 8

Functionalism

Answer 8

An early school of thought promoted by William James and influenced by Charles Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, flourish, and survive

Question 9

Mary Calkins

Answer 9

• student of William James
• denied PhD due to gender
• memory researcher
• first female president of APA

Question 10

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 10

• student of Edward Titchener
• first female to earn PhD in psychology
• The Animal Mind

Question 11

Behavioral Psychology/Behavorism

Answer 11

The scientific study of observable behavior and its’ explanation by principles of learning

Question 12

Biological Psychology

Answer 12

The scientific study of the links between biological(genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes

Question 13

Psychodynamic Psychology

Answer 13

How unconscious forces and childhood experiences affect our behavior and thinking

Question 14

Social-Cultural Psychology

Answer 14

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Question 15

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 15

the study of human potential and personal growth

Question 16

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 16

The study of mental processes: thinking, perceiving, learning, remembering, communicating, and solving problems

Question 17

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 17

how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes

Question 18

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 18

The interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition(including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question 19

Psychology

Answer 19

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes of humans and animals

Question 20

Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 20

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

Question 21

Natural Selection

Answer 21

The principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Question 22

Behavior Genetics

Answer 22

The study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Question 23

Culture

Answer 23

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 24

Positive Psychology

Answer 24

The scientific study of humans flourishing with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive

Question 25

Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 25

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural viewpoints

Question 26

Psychometrics

Answer 26

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Question 27

Basic research

Answer 27

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 28

Developmental psychology

Answer 28

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Question 29

Educational Psychology

Answer 29

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

Question 30

Personality Psychology

Answer 30

The study of individuals’ characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 31

Social Psychology

Answer 31

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 32

Applied research

Answer 32

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 33

Industrial-organizational(I/O) Psychology

Answer 33

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

Question 34

Human Factors Psychology

Answer 34

A field of psychology allied with I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

Question 35

Counseling Psychology

Answer 35

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living(school, work, marriage) and in achieving greater well being

Question 36

Clinical Psychology

Answer 36

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 37

Psychiatry

Answer 37

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders | -practiced by physicians who are licensed to provide medical (drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

Question 38

Community Psychology

Answer 38

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups