Unit 1 - Chapter 2 - Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
what does the cell membrane do and what does it determine?
A
- it is a structure that surrounds and protects the cell
- it determines what enters and leaves the cell
2
Q
what is the nucleus in relation to a cell and what does it contain/direct?
A
- it is the control center of the cell
- it contains chromosomes
- it directs activities of the cell
3
Q
what are chromosomes and how many do cells have?
A
- they are rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes
- there are 46 choromosomes (23 pairs) in each cell
- sex cells only have 23 individual chromosomes
4
Q
what is dna, where is it found, what it it arranged like and what does it do?
A
- deoxyribonucleic acid
- chemical found within each chomosome
- arranged like a sequence in code
- directs activites of the cell
5
Q
what are genes?
A
- regions of dna within cells
6
Q
what is a karotype?
A
- picture (classification) of choromosomes in the nucleus
- chromosomes are arranges in numeric order to deterime there number and structure
7
Q
what is cytoplasm?
A
- all the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane
8
Q
what is the mitochondria, what is it reffered to as and what occurs there?
A
- rod shaped structure in the cytoplasm that provides the principle source of energy
- referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell
- catabolism occurs here
9
Q
what is catabolism?
A
- when complex nutrients are broken down to simplier substances and energy is released
10
Q
what is the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and what occurs there?
A
- network of canals within the cytoplasm
- anabolism occurs here
11
Q
what is anabolism?
A
- when large proteins are built from small proteins called amino acids
12
Q
what are ribosomes and what do they do?
A
- small granules on the er
- the arrange amino acids on the er to make proteins
13
Q
what is metabolism?
A
- total of the chemical process in a cell
- includes catabolism and anabolism
14
Q
describe a muscle cell
A
- long and slender
- has fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing
15
Q
describe a epithelial cell
A
- lining/skin cell
- square/flat to offer protection
16
Q
describe a nerve cell
A
- long fibrous extensions that help in carrying out impulses
17
Q
describe a fat cell
A
- cell that contains large emty spaces for fat storage
18
Q
what is a histologist
A
- a scientist who studies tissues
19
Q
where is epithelial tissue found and what is it responsible for?
A
- skin, lines organs and endocrine/exocrine glands
- responsible for the secretions that glands produce
20
Q
what are the 2 catagories of muscle tissue and where are they found?
A
- voluntary and involuntary
- voluntary muscle if found in arms and legs
- involuntary muscle is found in the heart and digestive system
21
Q
where is nervous tissue found and what is it responsible for?
A
- found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves
- responsible for conducting electrical impulses
22
Q
what does connective tissue contain?
A
- adipose (fat) tissue
- cartilage (connective tissue found attached to bones at joints)
23
Q
what does viscera refer to
A
the internal organs
24
Q
describe the organizational structure of the human body
A
- cells
- then tissues (group of similar cells)
- then organs (group of similar tissues)
- then systems (group of different organs)w
25
what are the different cavities of the body?
- cranial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic and spinal
26
what is found in the cranial cavity
- brain and pituitary gland
27
what are the 2 smaller cavities that the thoracic cavity is divided into
pleural cavity and mediastinum
28
what is the pleural cavity
the space surround each lung
29
what happens when the pleura is inflammed
the cavity fills with fluis (pleural effusion)
30
what is the mediastinum
the space outside/between each lung
31
what organs are in the thoracic cavity
- lungs, heart, esophagus. trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta
32
what divides the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity
the diaphragm
33
what organs are in the abdominal cavity
peritonium, kidneys, stomach, both intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gall bladder
34
what is the peritonium
the double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity (acts a protective organ)
35
what organs are in the pelvic cavity?
portions of both intestines, rectum, bladder, urthra, ureters, sex organs
36
what organs are in the spinal cavity?
nerves of the spinal cord
37
name the 9 regions of the abdominal region
upper row : right hypochondriac, eppigastric, left hypochondriac
middle row: right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar
bottom row: right inguinal, hypogastric, left inguinal
38
name the divisions of the spinal column from top to bottom
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sarcal
coccygeal
38
name the 4 quadrants of the abdominal region
right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ)
39
what is the spinal column vs. the spinal cord made of
- spinal column is made of bone tissue
- spinal cord is made of nervous tissue
40
if you're not in an anatomica position, what 2 positions can you be in?
- supine (lying on back)
- prone (lying on stomach)
41
name the 12 anatomial postions
superior / inferior
anterior / posterior
ventral / dorsal
medial / lateral
proximal / distal
superficial / deep
42
what is superior/inferior
superior - toward the head
inferior - toward the feet
43
what is anterior/posterior
anterior - front/in front of
posterior- back/in back of
44
what is ventral/dorsal
ventral - toward the belly
dorsal - toward the backw
45
what is medial/lateral
medial - towards the midline of the body
lateral - towards the side of the body
46
what is proximal/distal
proximal - towards/nearest the trunk of the body
distal - furthst from the trunk of the body
47
what is superficial/deep
superficial - nearer the surface
deep - further from the surface
48
what are the 3 planes of the body
sagittal
frontal (coronal)
transverse
49
expand on the sagittal plane
- runs from anterior to posterior
- divides the body into left and right sides
- midsagittal plane cuts the body into 2 equal halves
50
expand on the frontal (coronal) plane
- runs from side to side
- divides the body into front and back (anterior and posterior)
51
expand on the transverse plane
- runs crosswise horizontally
- divides the body into superior and inferior
52
abdomin/o
abdomin
53
adip/o
fat
54
anter/o
front
55
cervic/o
neck
56
chondr/o
cartillage
57
chrom/o
color
58
coccyg/o
coccyx (tailbone)
59
crani/o
skull
60
cyt/o
cell
61
dist/o
far, distant
62
dors/o
back
63
hist/o
tissue
64
ili/o
ilium
65
inguin/o
groin
66
kary/o
nucleus
67
later/o
side
68
lumb/o
lower back
69
medi/o
middle
70
nucle/o
nucleus
71
pelv/i
plevis
72
pharyng/o
pharynx
73
poster/o
back, behindp
74
proxim/o
nearest
75
sacr/o
sacrum
76
sarc/o
flesh
77
spin/o
spine
78
thel/o or theli/o
nipple
79
thorac/o
chest
80
trache/o
trachea
81
umbilic/o
umbilicus
82
ventr/o
belly side of organs
83
vertebr/o
vertebrae
84
viscer/o
internal organs
85
ana
up
86
cata
down
87
epi
above
88
hypo
below
89
inter
between
90
intra
within
91
meta
change
92
eal
pertaining to
93
iac
pertaining to
94
ior
pertaining to
95
ism
process, condition
96
ose
pertaining to, full of
97
plasm
formation
98
somes
bodies
99
type
picture, classification
100
abdomial
pertaining to the abdomen
101
adipose
pertaining to fat
102
anterior
pertaining to the front
103
cervical
pertaining to the neck of the uterus
104
chondroma
cartilage tumor
105
chondrosarcoma
cartilage flesh tumor
106
coccygeal
pertaining to the tailbone
107
craniotomy
cutting of the skull
108
distal
pertaining to the distant
109
dorsal
pertaining to the back portion of the body
110
histology
the study of tissues
111
iliac
pertaining to the ilium
112
inguinal
pertaining to the groin
113
lateral
pertaining to the side
114
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lower back flesh
115
medial
pertaining to the middle
116
nucleic
pertaining to the nucleus
117
pelvic
pertaining to the pelvisp
118
pharygeal
pertaining to the pharynx
119
posterior
pertaining to the back
120
proximal
pertaining to the near
121
sacral
pertaining to the sacrum
