Unit 2 - Chapter 13 - Blood Systems Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
what is the function of blood
A
transports foods, gases and wastes to and from the cells of the body
2
Q
what are other items that blood transports
A
- chemical messengers
- blood proteins
- white blood cells
- platelets
3
Q
what is in the composition of blood
A
- cells (erythocytes, leukocytes, platelets)
- plasma
- water
- proteins
- sugar
- salts
- hormones
- lipids
- vitamins
4
Q
what percentage of blood do cell make up
A
45%
5
Q
what are erythrocytes
A
red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen
6
Q
what are thrombocytes
A
platelets that clot blood
7
Q
what are leukocytes
A
white blood cells
8
Q
how many types of white blood cells (leukocytes) are there and what are their names
A
5
basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
9
Q
what are basophils
A
- White blood cell that contains granules
that stain blue - cells that prevent clotting (contain heparin) and aid in allergic responses (contain histamine)
10
Q
what are eosinophils
A
- White blood cell that contains
granules that stain red - phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections
11
Q
what are neutrophils
A
- granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow
- phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection
12
Q
what are monocytes
A
- leukocyte with one large nucleus
- phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris
13
Q
what are lymphocytes
A
control the immune response, make antibodies to antigens
14
Q
what are the different types of plasma proteins
A
- albumin
- gloubins (immunogloubins)
- fibrinogen
- prothrombin
15
Q
what does type a blood consist of
A
a antigen and anti-b antibody
16
Q
what does type b blood consist of
A
b antigen and anti-a antibody
17
Q
what does type ab blood consist of
A
a and b antigens and no antibodies (universal recipient)
18
Q
what does type o blood consist of
A
no a or b antigens and both anti-a and anti-b antibodies (universal donor)
19
Q
what are examples of anticoagulants
A
heparin and warfarin
20
Q
what is albumin
A
Protein in the blood; maintains the
proper amount of water in blood
21
Q
what is an antibody
A
A specific protein produced by the
lymphocytes in response to bacteria,
viruses, or other antigens
22
Q
what is an antigen
A
A substance that stimulates
production of an antibody
23
Q
what is bilirubin
A
Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed
by breakdown of hemoglobin when
RBCs are destroyed
24
Q
what is coagulation
A
blood clotting
25
what is colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
Protein that stimulates growth of
white blood cells
26
what is differentiation
The change in structure and
function of a cell as it matures;
specialization
27
what is electrophoresis
A method of separating serum
proteins by electrical charge
28
what is a erythroblast
a immature red blood cell
29
what is a erythrocyte
a red blood cell
30
what is erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone secreted by the kidneys
that stimulates red blood cell
formation
31
what is fibrin
Protein that forms the basis of a
blood clot
32
what is fibrinogen
Plasma protein that is converted to
fibrin in the clotting process
33
what is globulin
plasma protein
34
what is a granulocyte
White blood cell with numerous
dark-staining granules
35
what is a hematopoietic stem cell
A cell in bone marrow that gives
rise to all types of blood cells
36
what is hemoglobin
blood protein containing iron; carried oxygen in red blood cells
37
what is an immune reaction
response of the immune system to foreign invasion
38
what is immunoglobulin
a protein with a antibody activity
39
what is a lymphocyte
Mononuclear leukocyte that
produces antibodies
40
what is a macrophage
Monocyte that migrates from the
blood to tissue spaces; as a
phagocyte, it engulfs foreign
material and debris; destroys worn
out RBCs
41
what is a megakaryocyte
Large platelet precursor cell found
in the bone marrow
42
what is a monocyte
Leukocyte with one large nucleus;
engulfs foreign material and debris;
becomes macrophage
43
what does mononuclear mean
Pertaining to cell (leukocyte) with single
round nucleus
44
what does myeloblast mean
immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes
45
whats plasma
Liquid portion of blood; contains
water, proteins, salts, nutrients,
lipids, hormones, and vitamins
46
whats plasmapheresis
Removal of plasma from withdrawn
blood by centrifuge
47
whats a platelet
A small blood fragment
important in clotting
48
what does polymorphonuclear mean
Pertaining to a white blood
cell with multi-shaped
nucleus; neutrophil
49
what does prothrombin mean
Plasma protein; converted to
thrombin in the clotting
process
50
what is a reticulocyte
immature erythrocyte
51
what is the rh factor
Antigen on red blood cells of Rh-
positive (RH+) individuals
52
what is serum
Plasma minus clotting proteins and
cells
53
what is a stem cell
Unspecialized cell that gives rise to
mature, specialized forms
54
what is thrombin
Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to
fibrin during coagulation
55
what is a thrombocyte
platelets
56
bas/o
base
57
chrom/o
color
58
coagul/o
clotting
59
cyt/o
cell
60
eosin/o
red, dawn, rosy
61
erythr/o
red
62
granul/o
granules
63
hem/o
blood
64
hemat/o
blood
65
hemoglobin/o
hemoglobin
66
is/o
same, equal
67
kary/o
nucleus
68
leuk/o
white
69
mon/o
one, single
70
morph/o
shape, form
71
myel/o
bone marrow
72
neutr/o
neutral
73
nucle/o
nucleus
74
phag/o
eat, swallow
75
poikil/o
varied, irregular
76
sider/o
iron
77
spher/o
globe, round
78
thromb/o
clot
79
-apheresis
removal, a carrying away
80
-blast
immature or embryonic cell
81
-cytosis
abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)
82
-emia
blood condition
83
-gen
giving rise to; producing
84
-globin or -gloubin
protein
85
-lytic
pertaining to destruction
86
-oid
derived, related to, or originating from
87
-osis
abnormal condition
88
-penia
deficiency
89
-phage
eat, swallow
90
-philia
attraction for (an increase in cell numbers)
91
-phoresis
carrying, transmission
92
- poiesis
formation
93
- stasis
stop, control
94
what is anemia (the overall term)
a deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
95
what is aplastic anemia
failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or
absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells
96
what is hemolytic anemia
reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
97
what is pernicious anemia
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
98
what is sickle cell anemia
hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shape erythrocytes and hemolysis
99
what is Thalassemia
an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia
100
what is Hemochromatosis
excess iron deposits throughout
the body
101
what is Polycythemia vera
general increase in red blood cells
102
what is Hemophilia
excessive bleeding caused by
hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX necessary
for blood clotting. Patients often bleed into
weight-bearing joints, especially the ankles
and knees
103
what is Purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and
accumulation of blood under the skin
104
what is leukemia
an increase in cancerous white blood cells
105
what are the 4 different types of leukemia
- acute myeloid leukemia
- acute lymphoid leukemia
- chronic myeloid leukemia
- chronic lymphois leukemia
106
what is Granulocytosis:
abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood
107
what is Mononucleosis
an infectious disease marked
by increased numbers of mononuclear
leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph
nodes
108
what is Multiple myeloma
malignant neoplasm of
bone marrow. Malignant cells (lymphocytes
called plasma cells that produce antibodies)
destroy bone tissue and cause
overproduction of immunoglobulins,
including Bence Jones protein.
109
what is Apheresis
separation of blood into component parts
and removal of a select part from the blood
110
what is a Blood transfusion:
whole blood or cells taken from
a donor and infused into a patient
111
what is a Bone marrow biopsy
microscopic examination of
a core of bone marrow removed with a needle
112
what is a Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor
administered into a recipient
