Unit 1 - Chapter 20 - Radiology + Nuclear Medicine

Question 1

what is radiology

Answer 1

the medical specialty concerning the study and application of x-rays and other technologies to produce and interpret images of the human body for the diagnosis of disease

Question 2

what are x-rays

Answer 2

invisible waves of energy that are produced by an energy source to help in diagnosis and treatment of disease

Question 3

what is nuclear medicine

Answer 3

the medical specialty that uses radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

Question 4

what are radionuclides

Answer 4

radioactive substances that emit high speed particles and energy containing rays from the interior of their matter

Question 5

what are the names of the 3 types of particles/rays that radionuclides emit

Answer 5

• alpha particles
• beta particles
• gamma rays

Question 6

what are gamma rays

Answer 6

used effectively as a diagnostic label to trace the path and uptake of chemical substances in the body

Question 7

what is a radiologist

Answer 7

a physician who specializes in the practice of diagnostic radiology

Question 8

what is a nuclear medicine physician

Answer 8

a physician that specilaizes in diagnostic radionuclide scanning procedures

Question 9

what are radiologic technologists

Answer 9

radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists, sonographers

Question 10

what are the 6 characteristics of x-rays

Answer 10

• ability to cause exposure of a photographic plate
• ability to penetrate different substances to varying degrees
• invisibility
• travel in straight lines
• scattering of x-rays
• ionization

Question 11

what do radiopaque substances (bone)do

Answer 11

absorb most of the x-rays they are exposed to, allowing only a few to reach the x-ray plate

Question 12

what do radiolucent substance do

Answer 12

permits passage of most of the x-rays

Question 13

what is digital radiography

Answer 13

a form of x-ray imaging in which digital x-ray detectors are used instead of traditional photgraphic film

Question 14

what is mammography

Answer 14

low dose x-rays to visualize breast tissue

Question 15

what is ct scan (computerized tomography)

Answer 15

beaming x-rays at multiple angles through a section of the patients body

Question 16

what does an upper gi series involve

Answer 16

oral ingestion of barium sulfate )radiopaque substance) so that the esophagus, stomach and duodenum can be visualized

Question 17

what does a small bowel follow through involve

Answer 17

traces the passage of barium sulfate (radiopaque substance) in a sequential manner as it moves through the small intestine

Question 18

what is a double contrast study

Answer 18

one that uses both a radiopaque and radiolucent contrast medium

Question 19

what is an angiography

Answer 19

x-ray image of blood vessels and heart chambers is obtained after contrast is injected through a catheter into the appropriate heart vessel or heart chamber

Question 20

what is a cholangiography

Answer 20

x-ray imaging after injection of contrast into bile ducts

Question 21

what is a digital subtraction angiography

Answer 21

x-ray image of contrast-injected blood vessels is produced by taking two x-ray pictures and using a computer to subtract obscurring shadows from the second image

Question 22

what is a hysterosalpingography

Answer 22

x-ray record of the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes is obtained after injection of contrast material through the vagina and into the endocervical canal

Question 23

what is a myelography

Answer 23

x-ray imaging of the spinal cord after injection of contrast agent into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord

Question 24

what is a pyelography

Answer 24

x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and urinary tract

Question 25

what are digital imaging techniques used for

Answer 25

to enhance conventional and fluroscopic x-ray techniquesw

Question 26

what is fluroscopy

Answer 26

the use of x-rays and a fluroescent screen to produce real time video images

Question 27

what is radiofrequency ablation

Answer 27

destruction of tumors and tissues

Question 28

what is ultrasonography

Answer 28

uses high frequency inaudible sound waves that bounce off body tissues

Question 29

what is the instrument used in ultrasonography

Answer 29

transducer or probe

Question 30

what is it called - ultrasound of the heart

Answer 30

echocardiography

Question 31

what techniques are used to record blood flow velocity (speed)

Answer 31

doppler ultrasound or color flow imaging

Question 32

what is endoscopic ultrasonography

Answer 32

when a small transducer is attached to the tip of an endoscope that is inserted into the body

Question 33

what does an mri use

Answer 33

magnetic fields and radiowaves

Question 34

what does a functional x-ray measure

Answer 34

brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

Question 35

what is the common contrast agent used in mri's

Answer 35

gadolinium

Question 36

what are the 4 x-ray positions

Answer 36

- posteroanterior - anteroposterior - lateral - oblique

Question 37

describe the posteroanterior x-ray position

Answer 37

towards the back ribs

Question 38

describe the anteroposterior x-ray position

Answer 38

towards the boobs

Question 39

describe the laterial x-ray position

Answer 39

towards the side of the body

Question 40

describe the oblique x-ray position

Answer 40

toward the spine (slip of gown) of back

Question 41

what does abduction mean

Answer 41

movement away from the midline of the body

Question 42

what does adduction mean

Answer 42

movement toward the midline of the body

Question 43

what does decubitus mean

Answer 43

lying down

Question 44

what does eversion mean

Answer 44

turning outward

Question 45

what does extension mean

Answer 45

lengthening or straightening a flexed limb

Question 46

what does flexion mean

Answer 46

bending a part of the body

Question 47

what does inversion mean

Answer 47

turning inward

Question 48

what does prone mean

Answer 48

lying on the belly (face down)

Question 49

what does recumbent mean

Answer 49

(lying down - may be prone --face down---or supine---face up)

Question 50

what does supine mean

Answer 50

lying on the back - face up

Question 51

what is radioactivity

Answer 51

spontaneous emission of energy in the form of particles or rays coming from the interior of a substance

Question 52

what is a radionuclide/radioisotope

Answer 52

substance that gives off high energy particles or rays as it disintegrates

Question 53

what does half life mean

Answer 53

the time required for a radioactive substance to lose half of its radioactivity by disintegration

Question 54

what are the 3 types of radioactivity that radionuclides emit

Answer 54

- alpha particles - beta particles - gamma rays

Question 55

what does in vitro mean in terms of nuclear medicine tests

Answer 55

tests done in the test tub e

Question 56

what does in vivo mean in terms of nuclear medicine tests

Answer 56

tests done in the body

Question 57

whats a gamma camera and what does it do

Answer 57

a sensitive external detection instrument that is used to determine the distribution and localization of the radiopharmaceutical in various organs, tissues and fluids

Question 58

what are other diagnostic procedures that use radionuclides

Answer 58

- bone scan - lymphoscintigraphy - positron emission tomography - pet ct scan - mri scans - single photon emission computed photography - technetium tc99m sestamibi scan - thallium scan - thyroid scan

Question 59

is/o

Answer 59

same

Question 60

pharmaceut/o

Answer 60

drug

Question 61

radi/o

Answer 61

x-rays

Question 62

son/o

Answer 62

sound

Question 63

therapeut/o

Answer 63

treatment

Question 64

vitr/o

Answer 64

glass

Question 65

viv/o

Answer 65

life

Question 66

gram

Answer 66

record

Question 67

graphy

Answer 67

process of recording

Question 68

lucent

Answer 68

to shine

Question 69

opaque

Answer 69

obscure

Question 70

echo

Answer 70

a repeated sound

Question 71

ultra

Answer 71

beyond