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Pathology > Unit 10 > Flashcards

Unit 10 Flashcards

Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System (69 cards)

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1
Q

What is leukemia?

A

Disease characterized by the appearance of great numbers of immature and abnormal white blood cells

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2
Q

What does the prefix leuko- mean?

A

White

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3
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

Increase in number of white blood cells in blood

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4
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

Abnormal reduction in number of white blood cells in blood

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5
Q

What is a lipoma?

A

A tumor composed of fatty tissue

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6
Q

What does the suffix -lith mean?

A

Stone

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7
Q

What does the liver do?

A

The major organ for detoxification and production of bile

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8
Q

What is a local infection?

A

Infection caused by germs lodging and multiplying at one point in a tissue and remaining there

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9
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

Malignancy of lymphoid tissue

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10
Q

What does the suffix -lysis mean?

A

Dissolve

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11
Q

What does the prefix macro- mean?

A

Large

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12
Q

What does the prefix mal- mean?

A

Bad

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13
Q

What does the suffix -malacia mean?

A

Softening

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14
Q

What is a malformation?

A

Anomaly; A defect or deformity

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15
Q

What doe the prefix mast- mean?

A

Breast

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16
Q

What does metastasis mean?

A

The spread of tumor cells from one part of the body to another by blood or lymph

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17
Q

What is maximum temperature?

A

Temperature above which bacterial growth will not take place 120 degrees Fahrenheit

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18
Q

What s a mechanical vector?

A

A living organism or an object that is capable of transmitting infections by carrying the disease agent on it’s external body parts or surface

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19
Q

What is medicolegal (forensic) pathology?

A

Study of disease to ascertain cause and manner of death

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20
Q

What does the prefix mega- mean?

A

Great

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21
Q

What does the suffix -megaly mean?

A

Large

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22
Q

What does the prefix melan- mean?

A

Thick

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23
Q

What is a melanoma?

A

A malignant pigmented mole

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24
Q

What is melena?

A

Blood in stool

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25
What is the alimentary canal?
Continuous tube running from mouth to anus
26
What does the mouth do?
Food breakdown mechanically and chemically (teeth and saliva)
27
What does the pharynx do?
Connects mouth to the esophagus
28
What does the esophagus do?
Muscular contractions move food from pharynx to stomach (peristalsis)
29
What does the stomach do?
Chemical digestion - pepsin - hydrochloric acid - intrinsic factor
30
What does the small intestine do?
Digestion and absoprtion - duodenum (gets bile and pancreatic juice to dissolve) - jejunum (absorption of nutrients) - ileum (absorption pf nutrients)
31
What does the large intestine do (colon)?
Absorption of water and electrolytes; and eliminates waste (feces) - cecum - appendix - colon - rectum - anus
32
What do the salivary glands do?
Secrete saliva - mucus - enzymes
33
What is the peritoneum?
Large serous membrane covering the abdominal wall - protects - prevents against friction
34
What does the gall bladder do?
Stores and releases bile
35
What does the pancreas do?
Produces pancreatic juices - enzymes - buffers
36
What is stomatitis?
Inflammation of the mucus membrane of the mouth
37
What is gingivitis?
Inflammation of the gums of the mouth
38
What is vincent's angina?
"Trench Mouth" | Painful bacterial infection and ulceration of the gums
39
What is glossitis?
Inflammation of the tongue
40
What is parotits?
Inflammation of the parotid glands | -due to viral (mumps) or bacterial infection
41
What is aphthous stomatitis?
"Canker sores" | -tiny ulcers with red areola on mucosa of mouth
42
What is pharyngitis?
Inflammation of the pharynx
43
What is scarlet fever?
Highly contagious infection - fever, sore throat, bumpy skin rash, flushed cheeks - "strawberry tongue"
44
What is esophagitis?
Inflammation of the esophagus
45
What is gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach
46
What is a stomach ulcer?
Circular area of necrosis on the stomach or intestinal lining - virus - excess acid - diet - alcohol - stress - medications
47
What is pyloric valve stenosis?
Narrowing of the pyloric valve
48
What is enteritis?
Inflammation of small intestines
49
What is salmonellosis?
Bacterial infection from salmonella
50
What is a hernia?
A portion of the abdominal organs pushes through the abdominal wall
51
What is a reducible hernia?
Can be pushed back without surgery
52
What is an irreducible hernia?
Requires surgery to push back due to scar tissue and adhesions
53
Where can hernias occur?
- umbilical - inguinal (scrotum, vagina) - femoral (inside of thigh) - diaphragmatic - hiatal (esophagus)
54
What is cholitis?
Inflammation of colon
55
What is crohn's disease?
Inflammation of G.I. tract anywhere from esophagus to anus - autoimmune (could be hereditary) - stress and diet - 20-35 usually women
56
What is diverticulitis?
Inflammation of the out-pouches in colon
57
What is proctitis?
Inflammation of the rectum
58
What are hemorrhoids?
Painful, swollen veins
59
What is Shigellosis?
Bacterial infection by shigella | -polluted water (human feces)
60
What is appendicitis?
Appendix is infected by bacteria in feces
61
What is hepatitis?
Inflammation of the liver
62
What is liver cirrhosis?
A chronic disease of lover characterized by the replacement of normal tissue with fibrous tissue and loss of function
63
What is cholecystitis?
Inflammation of the gall bladder
64
What is cholelithiasis?
Presence of one or more calculi (gallstones)
65
What is cholangitis?
Inflammation of the bile ducts of the liver
66
What is pancreatitis?
Inflammation of the pancreas
67
What is intussusception?
Obstruction cause by the colon telescoping on itself
68
What is volvulus?
Twisted intestine
69
Where is the appendix?
Vestigial (no function) diverticulum (pouch) located at the ileo-cecal junction -ie lower portion of ascending colon

Pathology (11 decks)

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