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Unit 3 Flashcards

Birth Defects (structural abnormalities) (92 cards)

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1
Q

What is a bacterial colony?

A

A visible group of bacteria growing on a solid medium

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2
Q

What is a bactericide?

A

An agent that destroys bacteria, but NOT NECESSARILY THEIR SPORES

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3
Q

What is bacteriology?

A

The study of bacteria

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4
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

The RED pigment in bile

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5
Q

What is biliverdin?

A

The GREEN pigment in bile

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6
Q

What is binary fission?

A

A method of asexual reproduction in bacteria; the bacterial cell divides into two separate parts and each grow into a new functional cell

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7
Q

What does the prefix bio- mean?

A

Life

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8
Q

What is a biological vector?

A

An arthropod vector in which the disease causing organism multiplies or develops withing the arthropod prior to becoming infective

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9
Q

What is a brain purge?

A

Pre-embalming purge as a result of a fractured skull, a surgical procedure in the cranial cavity, or trauma

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10
Q

What is cachexia?

A

Severe form of malnutrition

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11
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

Several communication boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue

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12
Q

What is a carcinoma?

A

Malignant tumor

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13
Q

What is a carcinogen?

A

A cancer causing agent

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14
Q

What is a capsule?

A

The membrane that surround some bacterial cells; a loose gel-like structure that helps to protect against phagocytosis

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15
Q

What is cavitation?

A

Formation of cavities in an organ or tissue; frequently seen in some form of TB

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16
Q

What does the suffix -cele mean?

A

Protrusion

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17
Q

What is cellular degeneration?

A

The deterioration of an organ or cell structure which may include swelling

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18
Q

What is cellular infiltration?

A

A cellular reaction to injury, which may include pigmentation, calcification, and gout

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19
Q

What does the suffix -centesis mean?

A

Perforating

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20
Q

What is a Cerebral Vascular Accident?

A

STROKE

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21
Q

What is a cancre?

A

Primary lesion (first manifestation of syphilis)

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22
Q

What is chlamydia?

A

A large group of non-motile, gram-negative intracellular parasites

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23
Q

What does the prefix chol- mean?

A

Bile

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24
Q

What does the suffix -chole mean>

A

Bile

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25
What is cholecystitis?
Inflammation of the gallbladder
26
What is a birth defect?
A structural -or- functional abnormality in development present at birth
27
What is does malformation describe?
Irregular, anomalous, abnormal, faulty formation, or faulty structure
28
What is a chromosome?
Hereditary factors received from ancestors passed genetically to offspring
29
What does the male chromosome set look like?
XY
30
What does the female chromosome set look like?
XX
31
What is turner's syndrome?
Too few sex chromosomes (45XO)- clinically a female sexually immature, sterile no menstruation short broad chest, underdeveloped breasts
32
What is klinefelter's syndrome?
Too many sex chromosomes (47XXY)- clinically a male ``` usually sterile large hands and feet, long arms and legs underdeveloped prostate, testes no facial hair enlarged breasts ```
33
What is down's syndrome?
TRISOMY 21 (3 copies of 21st chromosome) mental retardation slanted eyes, low set ears, flat nasal bridge heart defects
34
What is edward's syndrome?
TRISOMY 18 (3 copies of 18th chromosome) usually fatal within 3 months cleft lip and palate severe mental and motor retardation
35
What is patau syndrome?
TRISOMY 13 (3 copies of the 13th chromosome) microcephaly polydactyly syndactyly GENERALLY DEATH IN INFANCY
36
What are congenital deformations?
Resulting from maternal mechanical factors
37
What is birth trauma?
Resulting from abnormal embryotic development, usually genetic
38
What is a teratogen?
ANYTHING that adversely affect normal cellular development in the embryo or fetus
39
What is fetal alcohol / fetal narcotic syndrome?
Group of symptoms and birth defect in infant born to mother who consumed during pregnancy
40
What are TORCH infections?
TOxoplamosus Rubella Cytomegalo virus Herpes virus Group of infection acquired by women during pregnancy and transmitted to child in womb CAN RESULT IN SERIOUS COMPLICATIONS OR BABY'S DEATH
41
What is a birth trauma?
Physical or psychological injury sustained by an infant or mother before, during, or after birth
42
What is a monster?
Grossly deformed fetus
43
What is achodroplasia dwarfism?
SMALLER EXTREMITIES abnormal development of epipyseal cartilage - short stature - large head and characteristic facial feature
44
What is pituitary dwarfism?
Cause by hypopituitarism ( hyposecretion of growth hormone) - grow to 4' tall - normal body proportions - normal intelligence
45
What is hyperpituitarism?
Hypersecretion of growth hormone - Gigantism in kids - Acromegaly in adults
46
What is gigantism?
OCCURS IN CHILDREN - up to 8' tall - normal body proportions - slower sexual development - mentally normal or retarded
47
What is acromegaly?
OCCURS IN ADULTS - thickening of soft tissue - enlarged lips, nose, and tongue - may lead to congestive heart failure, respiratory, or cerebrovascular problems
48
What is polydactylism?
Forming more than 5 fingers on hands or feet
49
What is syndactylism?
Two or more fused fingers or toes
50
What is adactylism?
Absence of fingers and/or toes
51
What is phocomelia?
Hands and/or feet are attached directly to the trunk of the body
52
What is amelia?
Congenital absence of one or more limbs
53
What is clubfoot?
Deformity of the foot (bent inward) | -over calcification of foot bones
54
What is a dislocated hip?
Abnormality of hip joint - easily fractures - difference in leg length - hip dysplasia
55
What is cleft palate or cleft lip?
Incomplete joining -or- overlaping palate | -malformed palate with fissure (opening) along the midline
56
What is tongue tie?
Short frenulum under the tongue
57
What is a cyst?
Closed sac in or under the skin containing fluid or semisolid mass (pus)
58
What is a fistula?
Abnormal passage from internal organ to body surface | -or- between two internal organs
59
What is deaf mutism?
Congenital deafening that results in an inability to speak
60
What is color blindness?
Absence of -or- defect in the perception of colors - sex- linked - usually males (red-green)
61
What is heterochromia?
Eyes of different colors
62
What is myopia?
Nearsightedness - longer eyeball - distant objects blurred
63
What is hyperopia?
Farsightedness - shorter eyeball - near objects blurred
64
What is a cataract?
Clouded lens; usually due to an infection in utero
65
What are freckles?
Areas of excess melanin usually more prominent when exposed to light
66
What is a vascular nevus?
A birthmark; usually on face or neck
67
What is ichthyosis?
Fish scale appearance with thickening overlapping layers
68
What is hypertrichosis?
Excessive growth of terminal hair in areas not normally hairy
69
What is hypotrichosis?
Less than normal amount of hair on head and/or body
70
What is polythelia?
Accessory nipple
71
What is polymastia?
More than two breasts are present
72
What is amastia?
Absence of breast/s
73
What is cranioschisis?
Failure of the skull to close
74
What is microcephaly?
Abnormally small head and brain
75
What is anencephaly?
Congenital absence of brain | -stillborn or death very quickly after birth
76
What is hydrocephalus?
abnormal amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain
77
What is spina bifida?
One or more vertebrae fail to fuse
78
What is tetralogy of fallot?
Syndrome of 4 related defects of the heart and aorta - narrowing of pulmonary valve - thickening of right ventricular wall - displacement of aorta - ventricular septal defect
79
What is acardia?
No heat forms
80
What is ectopia cordis?
Malposition of the heart, projects outside the ribcage
81
What is dextrocardia?
Heart forms on right side of chest
82
What is hypoplasia?
Underdevelopment of tissue, or organ of the body
83
What is a bicarnate uterus?
Two horns to the uterus (essentially two uteri)
84
What is hermaphrodism?
Containing both ovaries and testes
85
What is atresia?
Congenital absence or closure of normal body opening
86
What is stenosis?
Narrowing of a passage
87
What is hypospadia?
In Males - bladder drops - urethra open at back of penis
88
What is agammaglobulinemia?
Little or no antibody production
89
What is spherocytosis?
Production of large and round RBC's which are trapped in the spleen
90
What is sickle cell anemia?
Hereditary disorder, usually in african americans
91
What is hemophilia?
Sex-linked recessive disorder; bleeding
92
How many chromosomes does each person normally have?
46 (2 pairs of 23) 44 are autosomal; 2 are sexual

Pathology (11 decks)

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