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Pathology > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

Diseases of the Blood, the Heart, and Blood Vessels (66 cards)

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1
Q

What does the prefiix -hem or -hemo mean?

A

Blood

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2
Q

What is hematemesis?

A

Vomiting of blood

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3
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

Tumor-like swelling of blood

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4
Q

What is hematuria?

A

Discharge of RBC’s in urine

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5
Q

What is hemophilia?

A

An inherited hemorrhagic disease characterized by a tendency to excessive and sometime spontaneous bleeding

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6
Q

What is hymoptysis?

A

Blood in the sputum

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7
Q

What is a hemorrhage?

A

Escaping of blood from the blood vascular system

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8
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver

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9
Q

What does hereditary mean?

A

Genetic characteristics transmitted from parent to offspring

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10
Q

What is a hernia?

A

Abnormal protrusion of part of an organ through and abnormal opening in the wall that normally contains it

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11
Q

What does the the prefix hetero- mean?

A

Dissimilar

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12
Q

What is a heterotrophic bacteria?

A

An organism that requires complex organic food from a carbon source in order to grow and develop

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13
Q

What does the prefix homeo- mean?

A

Similar

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14
Q

What does the prefix hydro- mean?

A

Water

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15
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A

Abnormal collection of fluid in any sacculated cavity in the body

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16
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

Excessive accumulation of CSF in the ventricles of the brain

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17
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

A

Distension of the pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys with urine as a result or obstruction

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18
Q

What is hydropericardium?

A

Fluid around the heart

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19
Q

What is hydrothorax?

A

Fluid in thoracic cavity

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20
Q

What does the prefix hyper- mean?

A

Above - or - excess

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21
Q

What is hyperemia?

A

Excess of blood in an area of the body

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22
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

The increased size of an organ - or - part, due to the excessive but regulated increase in the # of cells

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23
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

The enlargement of an organ or part due to the increase in size of the cells composing it

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24
Q

What does the prefix hypo- mean?

A

Deficiency - or - beneath

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25
What is hypoplasia?
Underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or the body
26
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells | -function is to work with inflammation and immunity
27
What are erythrocytes?
Red Blood Cells | -function is to carry oxygen to cells and tissues, and carbon dioxide out of tissue
28
What are thrombocytes?
Platelets
29
What is leukocytosis?
Increase in number of white blood cells in blood | -usually occurs to fight an infection
30
What is leukopenia?
Abnormal reduction in number of white blood cells in blood | -usually due to damage to bone marrow or lymphatic tissue
31
What are hematopoietic disorders?
Associated with formation of blood and blood components
32
What is leukemia?
Cancer of white blood cell producing structures/organs - bone marrow - lymphatic tissue - spleen
33
What types of leukemia are there?
``` Acute, in children Chronic in adults -Granulocytic -Lymphocytic -Monocytic ```
34
What is polycythemia vera?
Bone marrow makes too many RBCs causing thickening of blood----- slower blood flow (could lead to clots)
35
What is erythrocytosis?
Increase in number of RBC in blood
36
What is anemia?
Decrease in normal number of RBC or quantity of hemoglobin in blood leading to ---- decrease in oxygen delivery-----loss of energy
37
What is sickle cell anemia?
Genetic mutation resulting in S shaped hemoglobin
38
What is erythroblastosis fetalis?
Mom and Child have different blood types
39
What is chlorosis?
Chemical poisoning---- damages to bone marrow (mercury)
40
What is aplastic anemia?
Damage to bone marrow of unknown origin (idiopathic)
41
What is thrombocytopenia?
Decrease in number of platelets
42
What is immune thrombocytopenic purpura?
Immune system destroys it's own platelets; spontaneous bleeding----purple patches in skin
43
What is dilation?
Thinning and stretching of myocardium fibers - heart enlarges (can'ts pump normally) - cells stretch and get thinner
44
What is pericarditis?
Inflammation of the pericardium (membrane surrounding the heart)
45
What is myocarditis?
Inflammation of the myocardium (heart muscle)
46
What is endocarditis?
Inflammation of the endocardium (inner lining of the heart)
47
What are valvular defect?
Issues and deformities related to the heart valves
48
What is valvular insufficiency?
Incompetence/ failure of heart valve to close completely, allowing blood to regurgitate
49
What is valvular stenosis?
Abnormal narrowing of a valve that restricts bloodflow
50
What does rheumatic mean?
Autoimmunlogical reaction (heart damage)
51
What happens during coronary artery disease?
Blockages in coronary arteries
52
What is cardiac failure?
Inability of heart to supply adequate blood flow and oxygen to peripheral tissues and organs
53
What is congestive heart failure?
General weakening of the heart overtime, leading to heart failure
54
What is cardiomyopathy?
Disease of heart muscle | -can be cause by viral infections, heart attack, alcoholism, severe high blood pressure
55
What is carditis?
Inflammation of the entire heart and it's surroundings
56
What are congenital heart defects?
Failure to develop normal heart | -usually caused by infection in utero
57
What is the tetralogy of fallot (four heart defects)?
Pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of pulmonary artery) Aorta shift to the right Interventricular septal defect (hole between ventricles) Right ventricle hypertrophy (compensates for above 3)
58
What is patent ductus arteriosus?
Aorta and pulmonary artery are connected to each other
59
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Constricted segment of the aorta, usually above the heart
60
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure - Optimal 120/80 mmHg - Normal 130-85 mmHg
61
What is endoarteritis?
Inflammation of lumen or inner wall of artery
62
What is periarteritis?
Inflammation of outer wall of artery
63
What is an aneurysm?
Local dilation of the wall of a blood vessel, primarily arteries
64
What types of aneurysms are there?
Saccular (small sack or vessel) Fusiform (spindle, resembles small tube) Dissection (blood flows between layers of vessel wall, most dangerous, likely to rupture due to pressure)
65
What is phlebitis?
Inflammation of a vein
66
What are varicose veins?
Enlarged (dilated), tortuos blood vessels

Pathology (11 decks)

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