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Pathology > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

Circulatory Disturbances (70 cards)

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1
Q

What does the prefix en- mean?

A

In

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2
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Inflammation of the brain

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3
Q

What is an endemic?

A

A disease that is continuously present in a community

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4
Q

What does the prefix endo- mean?

A

Within

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5
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

Inflammation of the endocardium (lining membrane of the heart)

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6
Q

What is endocervicitis?

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix uteri

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7
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

the ectopic occurance of endometrial tissue of its diffuse implantation of infiltration in the myometrium

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8
Q

What is an endogenous infection?

A

Produced from a cell or organism

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9
Q

What are endospores?

A

A thick-walled spore within a bacteria

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10
Q

What is an endotoxin?

A

Bacterial toxin confined withing the body of a bacterium freed only when the bacterium is broken down
(found only in gram-negative bacteria)

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11
Q

What is enteritis?

A

Inflammation of the intestine

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12
Q

What does the prefix entero- mean?

A

Intestine

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13
Q

What does the prefix epi- mean?

A

Upon

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14
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

A disease that is higher in numbers than normal

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15
Q

What is epilepsy?

A

A chronic neurogenic disease marked by sudden alteration in consciousness and frequently by convulsions

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16
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

Bleeding from the nose

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17
Q

What is esophagitis?

A

Inflammation of the esophagus

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18
Q

What does the suffix -esthesia mean?

A

Sensation

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19
Q

What is etiology?

A

The study of the cause of disease

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20
Q

What does the prefix ex- mean?

A

Out of

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21
Q

What does exacerbation mean?

A

Increase in severity of disease

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22
Q

What is an exogenous infection?

A

Originating outside of an organ or part

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23
Q

What is an exotoxin?

A

A toxin produced by a microorganism and excreted into it’s surroundings; generally protein in nature

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24
Q

What is exsanguination?

A

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustatined

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25
What is exsanguination?
Increase in severity of disease
26
What is pulmonary circulation?
To and from capillaries of the lungs (oxygenated blood to heart from lungs)
27
What is systemic circulation?
To and from capillaries of the tissues to body (oxygenated blood to tissues from heart)
28
What is edema?
Shift of fluid from vascular space into another compartment that results in abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or body cavities
29
What is anasarca?
Severe, generalized edema of subcutaneous tissue; accumulation of serous fluid in body cavities
30
What is ascites?
Fluid in abdominal cavity
31
What is hydrothorax?
Fluid in thoracic cavity
32
What is hydropericardium?
Fluid around the heart
33
What is hydrocele
Edema in scrotum
34
What is hyperemia?
ACTIVE process of engorgement with bright red, oxygenated blood recruited by signals from affected site
35
What is congestion?
PASSIVE HYPEREMIA, process of tissue with bluish, poorly oxygenated blood
36
What is ischemia?
Reduction in arterial blood supply to a tissue or body part
37
What causes ischemia?
- Arterial obstruction - Venous obstruction - Vasoconstriction - External pressure on blood vessel - Heart failure (systemic ischemia)
38
What is arteriosclerosis?
Thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls partly due to deposition of calcium
39
What is atherosclerosis?
Hardening of arteries due to build up of waxy plaque inside of blood vessels
40
What is a thrombosis?
An attached solid mass or blood clot made up of blood cells
41
What are the different types of thrombi?
- Partial - Obstructive - Septic - Aseptic
42
What is thrombi resolution?
Thrombi dissolves without further damage
43
What is thrombi calcification?
Mineral salts accumulate around thrombus; may become obstructive
44
What is thrombi fragmentation?
Pieces of thrombus dislodge and move through the bloodstream
45
What is septic softening?
Septic thrombus fragments and moves through bloodstream; spreads infection and may block small vessels
46
What is canalization?
New blood capillaries form around thrombus to bypass it
47
What is ischemia?
reduction in arterial blood supply
48
What is passive hyperemia?
Abnormal venous drainage
49
What is gangrene?
Death of tissue with loss of vascular supply; may be followed by bacterial infection
50
What is bacteremia?
Presence of bacteria in blood from a septic thrombus
51
What is an embolism?
Caused by formation of solid or gaseous object floating free in the bloodstream
52
What is a hemorrhage?
Loss of blood from the vascular system
53
What is petechia?
Small tissue damage, visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin
54
What is ecchymosis?
Larger tissue damage in mucous membrane or skin
55
What is a hematoma?
Large collection of blood, usually due to trauma
56
What is epistaxis?
Bleeding from the nose
57
What is Hemoptysis?
Blood in sputum
58
What is hematemsis?
Vomiting of blood
59
What is hemopericardium?
Blood in pericardial cavity
60
What is hemothorax?
Blood in thoracic cavity
61
What is hemoperitoneum?
Blood in abdominal cavity
62
What is melena?
Blood in stool
63
What is hematuria?
Red blood cells in urine
64
What is shock?
Condition in which the circulatory system is unable to provide adequate blood supply to the body tissues due to low blood flow, reduced cardiac output, or low blood volumne
65
What is cardiogenic shock?
"Heart Failure" | -From myocardial infarction
66
What is hypovolemic shock?
Under-filled blood vessels, usually due to hemorrhage, burns, severe diarrhea, or vasodilation
67
What is septic shock?
From systemic bacterial infection (sepsis) by organisms that relase bacterial endotoxins
68
What is necrosis?
Death of tissue, usually resulting from deficient or absent blood supply
69
What is dehydration?
Decrease in total volume of body fluids
70
What is plethora?
Increase in whole body blood volume

Pathology (11 decks)

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