Unit 12 introduction to the medical surgical patient Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the normal red blood cell values for hematocrit?
Hematocrit normal values are typically 43% to 49% for men and 38% to 44% for women.
Normal ranges may vary slightly depending on the laboratory and population.
What are the normal values for white blood cells?
Normal values for white blood cells are typically 5,000 to 10,000 cells per microliter.
Normal ranges can vary based on age and laboratory standards.
What are the normal values for platelets?
Normal platelet values are usually between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets per microliter.
Ranges may differ slightly based on laboratory methods.
What are the normal values for hemoglobin?
Normal hemoglobin values are approximately 13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter for men and 12.1 to 15.1 grams per deciliter for women.
These values can vary with altitude and other factors.
What is the role of fluids and electrolytes in the body?
Fluids and electrolytes maintain homeostasis, support cellular function, and regulate physiological processes.
They are essential for hydration, nutrient transport, and waste elimination.
List the assessment findings for common fluid imbalances.
- Dry mucous membranes
- Decreased skin turgor
- Low blood pressure
- Rapid heart rate
- Confusion
- Edema
- Weight gain
- Respiratory distress
Each finding may indicate specific types of fluid imbalance.
Who is at highest risk of dehydration?
Elderly individuals, infants, and those with chronic illnesses or on diuretics are at highest risk.
Factors such as fever, excessive heat, and inadequate fluid intake also contribute.
What are common causes of sodium imbalances?
- Excessive fluid intake
- Diuretic use
- Gastrointestinal losses
- Adrenal insufficiency
Sodium imbalances can lead to neurological symptoms.
What are the signs and symptoms of potassium imbalances?
- Muscle weakness
- Fatigue
- Palpitations
- Nausea
- Changes in heart rhythm
Severe imbalances can be life-threatening.
What are the treatments for calcium imbalances?
- Calcium supplementation
- Dietary changes
- Medications to manage underlying causes
Monitoring calcium levels is essential in treatment.
What are the indications for IV fluid therapy?
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Medication delivery
- Nutritional support
IV therapy is critical in acute care settings.
List the types of IV therapy.
- Continuous
- PCA (Patient-Controlled Analgesia)
- Intermittent IVPB (Intravenous Piggyback)
- Direct Injection/IVP (Intravenous Push)
Each type has specific clinical applications.
What is the PN role in IV therapy?
- Monitoring patient response
- Administering medications
- Discontinuing IV therapy when appropriate
The practical nurse plays a crucial role in patient safety.
What are common complications associated with IV therapy?
- Phlebitis
- Infiltration/extravasation
- Local infection
- Circulatory overload
Early recognition of these complications is essential for prevention.
What are the phases of surgery?
- Preoperative
- Intraoperative
- Postoperative
Each phase has distinct objectives and nursing interventions.
What is the PN role in preoperative surgery?
- Preparing the patient
- Obtaining consent
- Educating the patient about the procedure
Effective communication is vital in this phase.
What are the signs and symptoms of common postoperative complications?
- Infection
- Hemorrhage
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- Pulmonary embolism
Monitoring is critical in the postoperative period.
What criteria are used for ambulatory discharge?
- Stable vital signs
- Ability to ambulate
- Tolerance of oral intake
- Understanding of discharge instructions
Discharge criteria ensure patient safety post-surgery.
Fill in the blank: The normal range for potassium is _______.
3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L
Maintaining this range is crucial for cardiac health.
True or False: IV therapy is only used for hydration.
False
IV therapy is also used for medication administration and nutritional support.
What are the common assessment findings of fluid excess?
- Edema
- Hypertension
- Rapid weight gain
- Distended neck veins
Recognizing fluid excess is important for timely intervention.
What is the first step in discontinuing an intravenous solution?
Assess the site for any complications.
Proper assessment ensures patient safety during discontinuation.
