Unit one safety and infection control Flashcards
What are the characteristics of each link of the infection chain?
Chain of Infection includes:
* Infectious Agent
* Reservoir
* Portal of Exit
* Mode of Transmission
* Portal of Entry
* Susceptible Host
Understanding the chain of infection is crucial for preventing the spread of infections.
What are the body’s normal defenses against infection?
Normal defenses include:
* Skin
* Mucous membranes
* Immune response
* Inflammatory response
These defenses help to prevent pathogens from causing infections.
What is the difference between nonspecific and specific immunity?
Nonspecific immunity is:
* General defense mechanisms
Specific immunity is:
* Targeted response to specific pathogens
Nonspecific immunity includes barriers like skin, while specific immunity involves antibodies.
List the types of vaccines.
Types of vaccines include:
* Inactivated virus
* Live, weakened virus
* Recombinant
* Conjugate
* Toxoid
Each type of vaccine stimulates the immune system in different ways.
What are signs and symptoms of localized infection?
Signs and symptoms include:
* Redness
* Swelling
* Heat
* Pain
Localized infections affect a specific area of the body.
What are signs and symptoms of systemic infection?
Signs and symptoms include:
* Fever
* Chills
* Fatigue
* Muscle aches
Systemic infections affect the entire body rather than a specific area.
What conditions promote the development of health care-associated infections?
Conditions include:
* Invasive procedures
* Antibiotic use
* Compromised immune systems
* Poor hand hygiene
These factors increase the risk of infections in healthcare settings.
What are the principles of medical and surgical asepsis?
Principles include:
* Hand hygiene
* Use of barriers
* Sterile technique
* Environmental cleaning
Asepsis is crucial to prevent infection during medical procedures.
What are standard and transmission-based precautions?
Precautions include:
* Hand hygiene
* Personal protective equipment (PPE)
* Isolation protocols
These precautions help prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings.
What are proper barrier isolation techniques?
Techniques include:
* Using PPE
* Creating isolation areas
* Limiting patient contact
Barrier techniques help protect healthcare workers and patients from infection.
What is the correct procedure for hand hygiene?
Procedure includes:
* Wetting hands
* Applying soap
* Rubbing for at least 20 seconds
* Rinsing and drying
Proper hand hygiene is essential to prevent infection.
What is the proper technique to apply and remove sterile gloves?
Technique includes:
* Donning gloves without touching the outside
* Removing gloves without contamination
Correct glove use is important to maintain sterility and prevent infection.
What is the appropriate technique to set up and maintain a sterile field?
Technique includes:
* Using sterile drapes
* Keeping items within the sterile field
* Avoiding contamination
A sterile field is crucial for surgical procedures to prevent infection.
List some common adverse reactions to antibiotics.
Adverse reactions include:
* Allergic reactions
* Nausea
* Diarrhea
* Drug-resistant bacteria
Awareness of these reactions is necessary for patient safety.
What are resistant bacteria examples?
Examples include:
* MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
* VRE (Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus)
* C. difficile
Resistant bacteria pose significant challenges in treatment.
What are safety considerations related to patient care?
Considerations include:
* Patient mobility
* Environmental hazards
* Medication safety
Ensuring safety is a key aspect of patient care.
What personal and environmental factors create a potential for injury?
Factors include:
* Patient condition
* Inadequate supervision
* Hazardous environments
Identifying these factors can help mitigate risks.
What strategies can assist in reducing the risk of patient injury?
Strategies include:
* Fall prevention protocols
* Regular safety checks
* Staff training
Implementing strategies is essential for patient safety.
