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AP Psych > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

acetylcholine

A

affects muscle movement and memory (neurotransmitter)

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2
Q

dopamine

A

learning, attention, emotion (neurotransmitter)

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3
Q

serotonin

A

affects mood, hunger, and sleep (neurotransmitter)

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4
Q

norepinephrine

A

alertness and arousal (neurotransmitter)

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5
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory, calms you down (neurotransmitter)

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6
Q

glutamate

A

excitatory, involved in memory (neurotransmitter)

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7
Q

endorphins

A

neurotransmitters that relieve pain and elevate mood

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8
Q

hippocampus

A

(limbic system) processes short-term factual memory into long-term memory

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9
Q

amygdala

A

(Limbic system) involved in emotional like fear and anger

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10
Q

hypothalamus

A

(limbic system) animal-like instincts including hunger, thirst, sex drive, body temp

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11
Q

pituitary gland

A

(limbic system) master gland controls endocrine system, controlled by the hypothalamus

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12
Q

thalamus

A

sensory relay station

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13
Q

cerebellum

A

(brain stem) mini-brain, controls the memory of movement and balance, “auto-pilot”

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14
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the outer covering of brain includes all 4 lobes

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15
Q

frontal lobe

A

higher-level thinking and decision-making

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16
Q

motor cortex

A

outgoing messages of movement (frontal lobe)

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17
Q

Broca’s area

A

controls the movement of speech and formation of words (frontal lobe)

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18
Q

sensory cortex

A

incoming messages of touch (parietal lobe)

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19
Q

angular gyrus

A

reading (parietal lobe)

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20
Q

auditory cortex

A

hearing (temporal lobe)

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21
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

controls the understanding of speech/language (temporal lobe)

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22
Q

visual cortex

A

sight (occipital lobe)

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23
Q

pons

A

contains reticular formation (brain stem)

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24
Q

reticular formation

A

controls alertness, arousal, and sleep (brain stem)

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25
medulla
controls vital functions (brain stem)
26
spinal cord
connects brain to nervous system
27
action potential
an electrical charge that travels down axon to axon terminals
28
threshold
excitatory signals outnumber inhibitory by a minimum amount
29
dendrites
receives messages from other cells
30
myelin sheath
covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
31
axon
passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands
32
refractory period
a neuron is incapable of firing for a short period of time
33
agonist
drugs that mimic a neurotransmitter
34
antagonist
drugs that block neurotransmitters
35
nervous system
central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
36
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
37
peripheral nervous system
carries messages from the brain to the body and from the body to the brain
38
interneurons
can communicate betweens sensory and motor neurons
39
motor neurons
(efferent) carry outgoing messages of movement
40
sensory neurons
(afferent) carry incoming messages of touch and pain
41
neural networks
work groups of neurons that form because of repetitive tasks
42
somatic nervous system
controls voluntary movements and receives sensory input (peripheral nervous system)
43
autonomic nervous system
controls internal organs and glands (peripheral nervous system)
44
sympathetic nervous system
arouses us when we are under stress - fight or flight (autonomic nervous system)
45
parasympathetic nervous system
calms us when threat is removed- rest and digest (autonomic nervous system)
46
hormones
chemical messengers of the endocrine system
47
adrenal glands
release adrenaline and trigger flight or fight response
48
association areas
areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in higher mental functions
49
electroencephalogram (EEG)
records brain waves and is used to study sleep and epilepsy
50
MRI
uses magnets to pull atoms out of alignment, then return. shoes brain structure and good for locating tumors and brain damage
51
CAT scan
uses xrays and shows brain structure
52
PET scan
reads the body's consumption of radioactive glucose. shows brain function
53
fMRI
shows brain function and structure
54
corpus callosum
a band of axon fibers connecting the left brain and right brain
55
glial cells
cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
56
nerves
bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
57
reflex
a simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus
58
endocrine system
the body's slow chemical communication system, a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
59
lesion
tissue destruction
60
brainstem
the oldest and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull, responsible for automatic survival functions
61
limbic system
neural system located between the cerebral hemispheres, associated with emotions and drives
62
parietal lobes
part of the cerebral cortex that lies at the top of the head, includes areas that receive sensory input for touch and body position
63
occipital lobes
lies at the back of the head, receive information from visual fields
64
temporal lobes
above ears, including auditory areas
65
plasticity
the brain's ability to change especially during childhood by reorganizing after damage or building new pathways by experience
66
neurogenesis
the formation of new neurons
67
split brain
a condition that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the corpus callosum
68
aphasia
a disorder that affects speech, how you communicate
69
neuron
the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world

AP Psych (11 decks)

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