Unit 6 Flashcards
(81 cards)
memory
learning that persists over time
recall
a measure of memory in which a person must retrieve information learned earlier, a short answer
recognition
a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, multiple choice
relearning
a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again
encoding
getting information into memory
retrieval
getting information back out again
storage
the process of retaining encoded information over time
sensory memory
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
long term memory
the relatively permanent and limitless storage house of the memory system
short term memory
activated memory that holds items brief, such as seven digits of a phone number when calling
working memory
a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and spatial information
effortful processing
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
automatic processing
unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space, time, word meanings
implicit memory
retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations
explicit memory
the memory of facts and experiences that one can know and “declare”
iconic memory
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli, picture memory
echoic memory
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli, sounds, or words
chunking
organizing into familiar, manageable units
mnemonics
memory aids that make use of imagery and organization
spacing effect
distributing practice over time improves long-term memory
testing effect
repeated self-testing improves learning
shallow processing
encoding on a basic level based on the structure and appearance of words
deep processing
encoding based on the meaning of words
self reference effect
you will remember things that have personal meaning to you
