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AP Psych > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

developmental psychology

A

the study of age related changes in behavior and mental processes from conception to death

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2
Q

chromosomes

A

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

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3
Q

DNA

A

a complex molecule containing genetic information that makes up chromosomes

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4
Q

Heritability

A

the extent to which genes attribute to traits

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5
Q

genes

A

the biochemical units of heritability that make up the chromosomes

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6
Q

genome

A

the complex instructions from making an organism

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7
Q

temperament

A

an individual’s innate emotional reactivity level

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8
Q

testosterone

A

a male sex hormone

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9
Q

estrogen

A

female sex hormone

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10
Q

epigenetics

A

the study of environmental influences on gene expressions that occur without DNA

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11
Q

molecular genetics

A

the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and functions of genes

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12
Q

molecular behavior genetics

A

the study of how the structure and functions of genes interact with our environment

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13
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind

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14
Q

adaptation and mutation

A

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

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15
Q

social scripts

A

culturally modeled guide on how to act in certain situations

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16
Q

individualistic culture

A

give priority to one’s own goals over group goals

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17
Q

collectivistic culture

A

give priority to group goals over individual goals

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18
Q

transgender

A

changing genders that are different than at birth

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19
Q

gender

A

the characteristics by which people define male or female

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20
Q

gender identity

A

our sense of being male, female, or both

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21
Q

gender typing

A

the acquisition of a traditional male or female role

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22
Q

androgyny

A

displaying both traditionally male and female psychological characteristics

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23
Q

social learning theory

A

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and being rewarded or punished

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24
Q

gender schema theory

A

the theory to explain how individuals become gendered in society and how they are maintained

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25
zygote
the fertilized egg within the first few weeks
26
embryo
the developing human organism 2weeks-2months
27
fetus
developing human organism 9weeks-birth
28
x chromosome
sex chromosome found in both men and women xx=women
29
y chromosome
sex chromosome found in men
30
teratogens
chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo of the fetus and cause harm
31
fetal alcohol syndrome
issues to a baby caused because the mom is a heavy drinker during pregnancy
32
rooting reflex
a baby tends when touched on the cheek to open the mouth
33
habituation
decreasing response with repeated stimulation
34
maturation
biological growth pattern, determined by genetic makeup
35
newborn
a recently born child
36
motor development
more complex physical skills
37
prenatal development
time of change before birth
38
disorder of sexual development
conditions in which the reproductive organs don't develop normal
39
plasticity
ability to change and adapt
40
schema
a concept of framework that organizes and interprets information
41
assimilation
interpreting one new experience in terms of one existing schemas
42
accommodation
adapting one news current understanding to incorporate new information
43
sensory-motor
birth - 2 years when infants know the world through senses and motor activities
44
object permanence
awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
45
preoperational
2-7yts when a child learns the language but does not mentally understand the concrete logic
46
concrete operational
7-11yrs when a child can think logically about concrete events
47
formal operational
12+ years of thinking logically about abstract things
48
theory of mind
people's ideas about their own and others' mental states
49
overgeneralization of speech
language acquisition by children that isn't accurate
50
conservation
mass and volume stay the same when put in different forms
51
egocentrism
inability to understad someone else point of view
52
autism spectrum disorder
when a child is impaired, the theory of mind
53
stranger anxiety
fear of strangers in infants
54
attachment
an emotional tie to another person
55
secure attachment
always want mother around, happier with mom
56
ambivalent attachemnt
intense distress
57
avoiding attachment
not much emotion toward mom
58
responsive parenting
a mother who notices their babies are doing well and responds to them
59
harry harlow
showed that children need physical touch for growth
60
critical period
an optional period shortly after birth when a baby needs to be exposed to certain stimuli for growth
61
imprinting
the process by which certian animals form attachment during a critical period very early in life
62
temperament
a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
63
social deprivation
not having the ability to empirical society and culture
64
self-concept
a sense of one's identity and personal worth
65
authoritarian
parenting that imposes rules and expects obedience
66
authoritative
have rules and expectations but also listen
67
permissive
parents submit to their kid's desires
68
basic trust
a child sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy
69
self-awareness
the ability to understand your mood and feelings
70
puberty
the period of sexual maturation, capable of reproduction
71
primary sex characteristics
the body structures that make reproduction possible
72
secondary sex characteristics
nonreproductive sexual traits
73
menarche
the first mental period
74
spremarche
first ejaculation
75
morality
the sense of right or wrong
76
pre-conventional morality
self-interest, obeying rules for reward or to avoid punishment
77
post-conventional morality
actions reflect beliefs in basic rights and self-defined ethnic principles
78
identity
one sense of self
79
intimacy
the ability to form close loving relationships
80
menopause
the natural stoppage of menstruation
81
life expectancy
how long do people expect to live
82
Alzheimer's disease
an irreversible brain disorder where you lose memory
83
neurocognitive disorder
mental erosion of the brain due to numerous factors
84
cross-sectional studies
a research design conducted at a single point in time comparing groups
85
crystallized intellegence
One accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
86
fluid intelligence
one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly
87
longitudinal study
a research design that examines how individuals develop by studying the same sample over a long period
88
social clock
the culturally preferred timing of social events
89
hospice
an organization who provides dying people special benefits

AP Psych (11 decks)

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