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AP Psych > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

1
Q

developmental psychology

A

the study of age related changes in behavior and mental processes from conception to death

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2
Q

chromosomes

A

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

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3
Q

DNA

A

a complex molecule containing genetic information that makes up chromosomes

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4
Q

Heritability

A

the extent to which genes attribute to traits

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5
Q

genes

A

the biochemical units of heritability that make up the chromosomes

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6
Q

genome

A

the complex instructions from making an organism

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7
Q

temperament

A

an individual’s innate emotional reactivity level

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8
Q

testosterone

A

a male sex hormone

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9
Q

estrogen

A

female sex hormone

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10
Q

epigenetics

A

the study of environmental influences on gene expressions that occur without DNA

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11
Q

molecular genetics

A

the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and functions of genes

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12
Q

molecular behavior genetics

A

the study of how the structure and functions of genes interact with our environment

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13
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind

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14
Q

adaptation and mutation

A

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

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15
Q

social scripts

A

culturally modeled guide on how to act in certain situations

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16
Q

individualistic culture

A

give priority to one’s own goals over group goals

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17
Q

collectivistic culture

A

give priority to group goals over individual goals

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18
Q

transgender

A

changing genders that are different than at birth

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19
Q

gender

A

the characteristics by which people define male or female

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20
Q

gender identity

A

our sense of being male, female, or both

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21
Q

gender typing

A

the acquisition of a traditional male or female role

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22
Q

androgyny

A

displaying both traditionally male and female psychological characteristics

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23
Q

social learning theory

A

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and being rewarded or punished

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24
Q

gender schema theory

A

the theory to explain how individuals become gendered in society and how they are maintained

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25
Q

zygote

A

the fertilized egg within the first few weeks

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26
Q

embryo

A

the developing human organism 2weeks-2months

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27
Q

fetus

A

developing human organism 9weeks-birth

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28
Q

x chromosome

A

sex chromosome found in both men and women xx=women

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29
Q

y chromosome

A

sex chromosome found in men

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30
Q

teratogens

A

chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo of the fetus and cause harm

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31
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

issues to a baby caused because the mom is a heavy drinker during pregnancy

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32
Q

rooting reflex

A

a baby tends when touched on the cheek to open the mouth

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33
Q

habituation

A

decreasing response with repeated stimulation

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34
Q

maturation

A

biological growth pattern, determined by genetic makeup

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35
Q

newborn

A

a recently born child

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36
Q

motor development

A

more complex physical skills

37
Q

prenatal development

A

time of change before birth

38
Q

disorder of sexual development

A

conditions in which the reproductive organs don’t develop normal

39
Q

plasticity

A

ability to change and adapt

40
Q

schema

A

a concept of framework that organizes and interprets information

41
Q

assimilation

A

interpreting one new experience in terms of one existing schemas

42
Q

accommodation

A

adapting one news current understanding to incorporate new information

43
Q

sensory-motor

A

birth - 2 years when infants know the world through senses and motor activities

44
Q

object permanence

A

awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

45
Q

preoperational

A

2-7yts when a child learns the language but does not mentally understand the concrete logic

46
Q

concrete operational

A

7-11yrs when a child can think logically about concrete events

47
Q

formal operational

A

12+ years of thinking logically about abstract things

48
Q

theory of mind

A

people’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states

49
Q

overgeneralization of speech

A

language acquisition by children that isn’t accurate

50
Q

conservation

A

mass and volume stay the same when put in different forms

51
Q

egocentrism

A

inability to understad someone else point of view

52
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

when a child is impaired, the theory of mind

53
Q

stranger anxiety

A

fear of strangers in infants

54
Q

attachment

A

an emotional tie to another person

55
Q

secure attachment

A

always want mother around, happier with mom

56
Q

ambivalent attachemnt

A

intense distress

57
Q

avoiding attachment

A

not much emotion toward mom

58
Q

responsive parenting

A

a mother who notices their babies are doing well and responds to them

59
Q

harry harlow

A

showed that children need physical touch for growth

60
Q

critical period

A

an optional period shortly after birth when a baby needs to be exposed to certain stimuli for growth

61
Q

imprinting

A

the process by which certian animals form attachment during a critical period very early in life

62
Q

temperament

A

a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

63
Q

social deprivation

A

not having the ability to empirical society and culture

64
Q

self-concept

A

a sense of one’s identity and personal worth

65
Q

authoritarian

A

parenting that imposes rules and expects obedience

66
Q

authoritative

A

have rules and expectations but also listen

67
Q

permissive

A

parents submit to their kid’s desires

68
Q

basic trust

A

a child sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy

69
Q

self-awareness

A

the ability to understand your mood and feelings

70
Q

puberty

A

the period of sexual maturation, capable of reproduction

71
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

the body structures that make reproduction possible

72
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

nonreproductive sexual traits

73
Q

menarche

A

the first mental period

74
Q

spremarche

A

first ejaculation

75
Q

morality

A

the sense of right or wrong

76
Q

pre-conventional morality

A

self-interest, obeying rules for reward or to avoid punishment

77
Q

post-conventional morality

A

actions reflect beliefs in basic rights and self-defined ethnic principles

78
Q

identity

A

one sense of self

79
Q

intimacy

A

the ability to form close loving relationships

80
Q

menopause

A

the natural stoppage of menstruation

81
Q

life expectancy

A

how long do people expect to live

82
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

an irreversible brain disorder where you lose memory

83
Q

neurocognitive disorder

A

mental erosion of the brain due to numerous factors

84
Q

cross-sectional studies

A

a research design conducted at a single point in time comparing groups

85
Q

crystallized intellegence

A

One accumulated knowledge and verbal skills

86
Q

fluid intelligence

A

one’s ability to reason speedily and abstractly

87
Q

longitudinal study

A

a research design that examines how individuals develop by studying the same sample over a long period

88
Q

social clock

A

the culturally preferred timing of social events

89
Q

hospice

A

an organization who provides dying people special benefits

AP Psych (11 decks)

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