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AP Psych > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons

A

responsible for receiving, processing and transmitting info throughout the body — billions of nurture

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2
Q

Dendrites

A

receive messages and are at the very end of the neurons

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3
Q

Receptor Sites

A

On the dendrites and receive neuro transmitters

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4
Q

Axon

A

where the message moves along/being send along
is located in the middle

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5
Q

Myelin sheath

A

covering around the Axon
how fast the message can be sent
thicker the myelin sheath = faster the msg is moving

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6
Q

Glial cells

A

No action potential but still is a nerve cell
make up the myelin and provide nutrients and support

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7
Q

Node of Rarwier

A

located in gaps between the myelin covering the Axon
action potential travels down and lets the message travel from foster and skips spaces

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8
Q

Terminal button

A

constrains synaptic vesicle (holds the neuro transmitter)

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9
Q

Synaps

A

space between the neuron transmitter where they cross over

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10
Q

Neuro transmitter

A

chemically electrical substance

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11
Q

Resting potential

A

cells at rest
polarization (neurons normal state and negatively charged inside compared to the outside)

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12
Q

Action potential

A

Brief electrical charge going down the Axon
depolarization (becomes less negative and is ready to send messages)
opens up and ions come rushing in

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13
Q

Refractory period

A

Cells must reset
depolarization
ex: flushing a toilet

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14
Q

A pump in the cell membrane

A

put the sodium ions back out of the cells —> action potential continues down

— FIRST SECTION HAS RECHARGED —

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15
Q

Reuptake

A

sending neuron reabsorbs some neuron transmitter

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16
Q

Reuptake Inhibitor

A

medication that prevents the reuptake of the neurons

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17
Q

Acetylcholine

A

learning, thought and memory
( alzheimer’s and body movement )

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18
Q

Glutamate

A

memory and learning
developed + creates nerve contatcs
Key role in LTP
association w too much

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19
Q

Dopamine

A

feeling of pleasure + reward
voluntarily movement, learning
cognition, attention
( schizophrenia - too much dopamine )

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20
Q

Serotonin

A

contribute to well-being and happiness
mood, appetite, sleep, impulse, control, depression — not enough serotonin

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21
Q

GABA

A

calms nerves and contributes to motor control and vision
relaxation

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22
Q

Endorphins

A

euphoria and reduces pain
natural opiate

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23
Q

Epinephrine

A

AKA adrenaline
produces during stressful situations
fight, flight, or freeze response

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24
Q

Sensory afferent

A

in the PNS
takes sensory info to the brain

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25
Motor efferent neurons
in the PNS make up spinal cord in brain and central nervous system
26
Agonist
drug that mimics the effect of or block the reuptake of neurotransmitters activate (morphine, heroine, meth)
27
Antagonist
drug that inhabits the release of neurotransmitter
28
CNS
central nervous system
29
PNS
Peripheral Nervous System
30
Autonomic Nervous System
blinking, heart beating, etc
31
Sympathetic Nervous Systtem
fight, flight or freeze as a response - rush of adrenaline, heart racing
32
Parasympathetic
brings you back down to balance like a parachute - decrease heart rate
33
Goal of (para)sympathetic
is homeostasis (maintaining internal stability and hole adjusting to changing external conditions)
34
Somatic
voluntarily doing actions - kicking, speaking
35
Plasticity
about the brain having the ability to compensate and change b
36
Neurogenesis
about neurons neurons replenishing
37
Hindbrain
survival functions
38
Cerebellum
posture and balance e
39
Medulla Obbngata
Heart rate breathing vomiting swallowing
40
Pons
Sleep Arousal Facial expressions
41
Reticular Formation
Arousal to stimuli blocks out most during sleep alerts to interesting + dangerous
42
Broca area
spoken language
43
Wernickes area
comprehension of language
44
Basal Ganglia
large motor skill
45
Thalamus
sorts and sends messages
46
Limbic system
emotions
47
Amygdala
fear and aggression
48
Hippocampus
learning + memories STM to LTM
49
Hypothalamus
hunger, thirst, body temp regulates (digestion) sexual response
50
Lateral hypothalamus
“Let’s eat”
51
Ventromedial hypothalamus
“very full”
52
Cerebrum
divided into 4 lobes
53
Occipital Lobe
Visual processing
54
Temporal Lobe
Auditory
55
Parental Lobe
integrates sensory input (processes your sense of touch and assembles input from your other s new into a form you can use)
56
Sensory strip
skin (touch) muscle senses
57
Frontal Lobe
process in the brain that allows us to take info we receive from 5 senses and organize it and respond appropriately planning, judgement, personality
58
Motor cortex
body movement (fine mother skills)
59
Corpus Callosum
connects the hemisphere of the brain (left and right)
60
Left hemisphere
control the right part of the body Language Logic Concrete Rational
61
Right Hemisphere
controls left part of the body Visual Direction Imaginative Emotional Pattern Facial recognition Creativity
62
Who does split brain research
Sperry + Gazzangia
63
How to do they study split brain research
Making dots, saying words, speaking and drawing
64
Blood Brain Barrier
A network of blood vessels and tissue that is made up of closely spaced cells Pro - helps keep harmful substances from reaching the brain Con - Also means potentially helpful meds cannot enter the brain ex:chemo
65
Who was Phineas Gage
a sword when through his frontal lobe and his personality changed
66
Autopsy
examining dead peoples brain
67
Structure
technique that allows research to study makeup of the brain
68
CATor CT scan
an X-ray of the brain + painless
69
MRI/fMRI
painless and used to measure brain waves patterns can be used to detect seizure and/or tumor activity
70
Pet Scan
uses radioactive glucose to create images glucose goes to the areas of the brain that are working
71
ESB/deep brain stimulation
electric brain stimulation used to relieve pain in serve cases used on patients w parkinson’s or other mental illnesses
72
Endocrine System
contains glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream
73
Exocrine System
secretes contents onto the surface of rocks n one
74
Consciousness
state of awareness
75
Unconsciousness
state of unconsciousness
76
Circadian Rhythm
based on light/dark cycle (biological clock) measure sleep in stages and cycle travel can mess this up
77
REM
Rapid eye movement (dreaming it’s stage 4 of sleeping)
78
Paradoxical (paradox)
EG resembles activity that resembles wakefulness
79
Protection
safety + energy conservation
80
Recovery
repairs cells, strengthens immune system
81
Memory consolidation
key role in learning especially during REM
82
Growth
pituitary releases growth hormones during sleep
83
Restoration Theory
Sleep deprivation studies and what they tell us
84
Insomnia
trouble falling/staying asleep
85
Sleep Apnea
CPAP machine stop breathing in your sleep ex: snorning
86
Narcolepsy
suddenly + inappropriately falls asleep generic difference in hypocretin in the brain
87
Somnambulism
sleep walking/talking/eating
88
Night Terrors/Incubus Attacks
not nightmares (ex: screaming)
89
Freud Theory
wish fulfillment, unconscious
90
Latent vs Manifest
Latent - hidden meaning Manifest - actual dream
91
Physiological functions
(physical) brain stimulation may help development + preserve neural development
92
Information processing
sort out days event and consolidates memories
93
Activation synthesis Hypothesis
REM sleep struggles neural activity that evokes random visual memories which our brain weaves into stories
94
Cognitive Development
dream content reflects level of cognitive ability
95
What is the pineal gland
secretes melatonin
96
Thyroid gland
responsible for metabolic rate produces the thyroxin hormone
97
Pheromones
chemical signal released outside the body
98
The endocrine system
secretes hormones into the blood stream
99
Acromegaly
over production of the pituitary gland causing abnormal growth
100
Pancreas
responsible for maintaining the proper level of sugar
101
Parathyroid
controls levels of calcium
102
Adrenal gland
makes adrenaline

AP Psych (10 decks)

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