Unit 5 Flashcards
1
Q
General Principals
A
There is a critical period to learn or master a skill
2
Q
Imprinting
A
Lorenz
process where certain animals form attachments
(humans dont form attachments as quickly)
3
Q
Nature vs Nuture
A
Genetic inheritance vs experience influence of our development
4
Q
Continuous vs Discontinuous
A
Is development continuous process or through stages
5
Q
Stability vs Change
A
does our early personality trait persists through life or do we become different person as we age
6
Q
Teratogen
A
an agent that can reach the fetus and cause birth defects
7
Q
Maturation
A
unfolding of innate biological patterns
8
Q
Which comes first gross motor skills or fine motor skills
A
gross motor skill before fine motor skills
9
Q
When do the children experience all emotions
A
2 months
10
Q
Puberty
A
the ability to reproduce
11
Q
Primary sex characteristics
A
physically what we need for reproduction ex:gonades
12
Q
Secondary sex characteristic
A
height, voice change, hair, boobs
13
Q
Self fulfilling prophecy
A
what a person thinks about themselves (what you think about yourself becomes true
14
Q
Pruning
A
use it or lose it
15
Q
Teenage brain
A
frontal lobe is not fully developed
16
Q
Menopause
A
middle adult hood
women stops getting periods
cannot reproduce
17
Q
Exercise and physical signs of aging
A
aging slows down when you exercise
18
Q
Death Deferral Theory
A
put off death till a big milestone
(dying right after 90th birthday)
19
Q
E.K Ross
A
5 stages of grief
20
Q
Moro reflex
A
startled reflex
21
Q
Babinski reflex
A
spreads their toes
22
Q
Palmer grasp
A
wrapping finger relex
23
Q
Rooting reflex
A
turning towards their source of food
24
Q
Plantar reflex
A
curling their toes
25
APGAR TEST
quick physical test given to infants at birth
26
Syntax
ordering of words when making a sentence
every language has their own way of ordering
27
Grammer
rules of a language and how words should be combined to communicate meaning
28
Semantics
understanding the meaning of words and word combinations
ex: give me a minute
29
Phonemes
basic SOUND units of language
30
Morphemes
smallest meaningful units of speech
morphemes = meaning
31
Prosody
the way they said it
provides important info beyond a sentence literal word meaning
ex: “yeah that was a great movie”
32
Surface meaning
what you say
33
Deep meaning
what you mean
34
Detonation
literal meaning
35
Connotation
implied meaning
36
Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
Noam Chomsky (biological)
all born w understanding of language
37
first generation of language
little grammatical structure
called pidgin language
38
second generation
has its own grammatical structure
creole language
39
Critical period
childhood = critical period of language development
40
Overgeneralization/Overregularization
using grammar rules without proper use or exception
ex: i goed to the park
41
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
people speaking different languages =
different perspectives on life
42
Broca area
spoken language
43
Wernicke area
comprehension of language
44
Aphasia
impairment of language if broca or werincke area is damaged
ex: me w burmese
45
Sensorimotor
babies explore the world through their sensory and motor interactions
object permanence
actions cause changes
stranger anxiety
46
Object permanence
Sensorimotor
objects continue to exist even if it cannot be seen
milestone
47
Children learning their actions can cause changes
Sensorimotor
ex: dropping a spoon
48
Stranger anxiety
Sensorimotor
develops around 8 months
fear of strangers
49
Pre-operational
symbolic thinking develops
egocentrical
theory of mind
simple classification
animism
artisficalism
Representational thought
Irreversibility
50
Why are toddlers egocentric
Pre-Operational
cannot perceive stuff from other peoples POV
51
Theory of mind
Pre-Operational
ability to infer intentions in the mental state of others
mostly emotions
ex: realizing they made someone sad
52
Simple classification
Pre-operational
colors and shape
53
Animism
Simple classification
human characteristics to animate objects
54
Artisficalism
Pre-operational
thinks everything is man made/ humans are responsible for everything
55
Representational thoughts
Pre-operational
ABC’S
56
Irreversibility
a child's inability to reverse the steps of an action in their mind, returning an object to its previous state
57
Concrete
conservation
become more logical and rational thinking
do higher level of classification
reversibility
58
Conservation
concrete
changes in shape does not mean changes in quality
59
Formal
reason expands from purely concrete to abstract thinking
higher level thinking
solving hypothetical problems and deducing consequences
60
Cognitive development
development of an individuals mental ability, patterns of thinking, reasoning and problem solving
61
Schemas
mental framework/cognitive structure
62
In order for cognition to grow we must
assimilate and accommodate
63
Assimilation
new info is adapted to fit current mode of thinking
64
Accommodation
changing a schema to fit new info
(try to fit things into what you already know but then change)
65
Zone of Proximal Development
range between when a child can work on their own + when they need help form a parent
Vygotsky
66
Social Development
learning to act and live in society
67
Temperament
emotion and reactivity
how baby reacts to emotionally
68
Strange Situation
Mary Ainsworth
Attachment styles (Secure, Insecure)
69
Personal fable
no one understands or gets it
70
Imagining Audience
belief everyone is focusing on them
71
Identity development
kids are trying to develope an identity
72
Identity diffusion
they haven’t committed an identity
73
Identity foreclosure
doing what you’re told
no crisis
74
Social Clock
people have expectation of when they’re doing a certain thing
ex: when you get married
75
Authoritarian
My way or the highway
Kids: resist/poor decision makers
76
Permissive
There are no consequences for breaking rules
Kids: irresponsible/no self confidence
77
Authoritative
Rules but flexible
kids: responsible
78
Moral development
an individuals understanding of what is right and wrong
controlling impulses and acting ethically
79
Kohlberg
Measures through Moral dilemma
80
Gillian
criticized Kohlburg
about gender Kohlburg only studied men
81
Schema
mental framework
82
Pre conventional Morality
Kids
Stage 1: avoidance of punishment
Stage 2 : Reward seeking, self-benefit
83
Conventional Morality
Stage 3: Avoidance of disapproval
Stage 4: Law and order
84
Post conventional Morality
Stage 5: Belief in individual rights
Stage 6: Individual principals (i couldn’t live without ___)
85
Cognitive Development was made by
Jean Piaget
86
Psychosocial Eight stages of development
Eriksons
87
Stages of moral reasons
Kohlburg
88
Erikson stage 1
Trust vs Mistrust
babies develop trust based off parents fulfilling their needs
89
Erikson stage 2
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Tries to do things for themselves
based off parents reaction
children say no
90
Erikson stage 3
Initiative vs Guilt
assume more responsibility
ask many questions
still based off parents
91
Erikson stage 4
Industry (hard work) vs Inferiority
learning and working hard
teachers play a role
92
Erikson stage 5
Identity (who am i) vs role confusion
you learn who you are and aren’t
looks to peer groups and role models
93
Erikson stage 6
Intimacy vs Isolation
l tiny to share yourself
about relationships
ability to develop relationships
94
Erikson 7
Generatively vs Stagnation
Feel productive + accomplished
responsible for next generation
95
Erikson 8
Integrity vs Despair
are you happy with your life looking back
feel pride or regret
96
Vgyoksy
ZPD
97
Mary Ainsworth
Strange situation
98
Identify Moratorium
currently in a crisis
has not made a commitment yet
99
Identity Achievement
has gone through the crisis and has made the commitment to the role they have chosen
100
Psychological Identity Development
James Marcia
