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AP Psych > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

sum total of a persons relative consistent organized and unique thoughts/reactions to the environment
ex: mrs.cramer is not always quiet but only in some environments

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2
Q

Influences on Personality

A

Environment: school, friends, birth order
Genetics

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3
Q

Barnum effects

A

tendency of individuals to accept vague personality descriptions as accurate
ex: astrology, palm reading, tarot cards

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4
Q

Personality across the life span

A

individual personality traits tend to become stable around middle adulthood

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5
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

unconscious mind

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6
Q

3 energies of the mind

A

Sigmund Freud
3 energies of the mind (not parts)
ID, Superego, and EGO

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7
Q

ID (not aware)

A

Unconscious
Pleasure principal
“I want”
Immediate gratification + desires
sex + aggression

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8
Q

Superego

A

Preconscious
Morality principal
consciences - source of guilt
striving for perfection

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9
Q

EGO

A

Conscious
Reality Principal
Has to make a decision
Balance ID and Superego

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10
Q

Defense Mechanism

A

Way of meditating between ID and Superego
Egos way of defending
Stems form the unconscious level

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11
Q

Denial

A

refusing to accept he obvious situation because of the emotional pain it causes
ex: saying something didn’t happen

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12
Q

Displacement

A

taking out one’s emotions on a person or object that’s not the cause of offense
ex: being mad at a parent but taking it out on your siblings

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13
Q

Projection

A

casting the feelings you have to another person
ex: saying someone else is feeling jealous when you’re feeling jealous

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14
Q

Rationalization

A

making logical excuses for illogical behavior

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15
Q

Reaction Formation

A

acting the opposite of the way you feel

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16
Q

Regression

A

reverting to childlike behavior to get the attention you got when you were younger or to get your way
ex: sucking your thumb when you’re stressed

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17
Q

Repression

A

unconsciously forgetting information that’s too painful
- you don’t remember
- trauma

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18
Q

Sublimation

A

using exercises or physical activity as a substitute for sexual energy

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19
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A
  • Way of meditating between the id and the superego
  • Egos way of defending itself
  • Stems from the unconscious level
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20
Q

Psychosexual Development

A

redirecting sexual energy

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21
Q

Libido

A

sexual energy

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22
Q

Oral

A

Infants pleasure seeking comes from the mouth

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23
Q

Anal

A

Pleasure seeking is in the anus
ex: potty training

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24
Q

Phallic

A

Genitals

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25
Oedipal
little boys sexual desire for their mom
26
Electra
little girls sexual desire for their dads
27
Fear of Castration
little boys scared of being castrated
28
Penis Envy
little girls realize they lack a penis, they feel “castrated” in comparison to males.
29
Latency
Sublimation (a defense mechanism)
30
Genitals
Puberty
31
Fixation
unresolved conflict that may occur if you’re left at a certain stage
32
Freudian Slip
When you say something you didn’t mean ex: Ross saying Rachel instead of Emily at the alter
33
Neo-Freudian
took Freud ideas and expanded them - Carl Jung - Alfred Adler - Karen Horney
34
Carl Jung
Personal/Collective Unconscious
35
Personal Unconscious
painful memories and thoughts a person doesn't want to confront; your own personal memories -Carl Jung
36
Collective Unconscious
- passed down through a species, inherited universal concepts that we all share as humans - These concepts are called archetypes - Carl Jung
37
Archetypes
- Shadow - Anima/animus - Persona - Carl Jung
38
Shadow
repressed desires and drives; your "dark" side - Carl Jung
39
Anima/Animus
feminine side of men; masculine side of women - Carl Jung
40
Persona
face you present to the world - Carl Jung
41
Alfred Adler
individual psychology inferiority and superiority complex
42
Individual Psychology
- focuses on our drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority - Alfred Adler
43
Inferiority Complex
chronic feelings of inadequacy and insecurity, and the desire to achieve
44
Superiority Complex
people mask their fears of being inferior by acting superior
45
Karen Horney
the influence of the parent child relationship
46
Coping mechanism
moving (against/toward/away) from people Karen Horney
47
Trait Theory
enduring and stable characteristics that provoke a person to act consistently ex: honesty, anxiety, shyness
48
Gordon Allport
common trait special traits disposition - cardinal/central/secondary
49
Common trait
- universal, cultural, learned - Gordon Allport
50
Special traits
- individual, unique to you - Gordon Allport
51
Disposition
collective way a person thinks - behavior
52
Cardinal disposition
1-2 traits that’s effect everything about you ex: mother teresa - she was giving Gordon Allport
53
Central disposition
5-10 tendencies of a person Gordon Allport
54
Secondary Disposition
likes + dislikes ex: your favorite food
55
Eysenck
(personality traits) Introversion - Introvert - Internal Extroversion - Extrovert - External
56
Minnesota Twin Study
3 inherited traits: - how well they get along (others) - how traditional they are (religious) - how comfortable you are (anxiety level)
57
Big 5 personality factors
Costa + McRae (NEO PI-3) - Openess to experience - Consciousness (Responsibility) - Extraversion/Extroversion - Agreeableness - Neuroticism (stability)
58
Openness to experiences (low vs high)
low: routines high: curious
59
Consciousness/Responsibility (low vs high)
low: disorganised high: dependable
60
Extroversion (low vs high)
low: introvert high: extrovert
60
Neuroticism/Stability (low vs high)
low: calm, even tempered high: anxious
61
Agreeableness (low vs high)
low: uncooperative high: helpful, trusting
62
Big Five
- shown to apply to people in many countries - most personality trait is can be derived from the 5 major traits -represents a continuum
63
Behaviorism
Learning/Operant Conditioning - Skinner - Bandura
64
Skinner
Behaviorism cause/effect only observable/measurable behavior reinforcement
65
Bandura
Behaviorism Social Learning Theory Modeling: Bobo dolls - social model
66
Big 5 was developed by
Empirical favors analysis of trait descriptors (data + measurable)
67
Humanism
Free will Maslow Carl Rogers
68
Maslow
hierarchy of needs
69
Carl Rogers
- people can be self-actualized w growth climate (positive psychology) - Phenomenological fields - people act on self (self-concept)
70
Positive psychology
genuineness, empathy, acceptance Carl Rogers
71
Phenomenological fields
all conscious + unconscious experience Carl Rogers
72
Regards
positive - approval unconditional positive regard - acceptance conditions of worth - acceptance if… Carl Rogers
73
Ideal Self vs Real Self
Carl Rogers - Ideal self: wish to be - Real self: the truth of who you are (organism)
74
Congruence
- Carl Rogers - difference between reality and self ex: anorexia - don’t see their real self
75
Social Cognitive
- Bandura (social learning theory) - included cognitive process
76
Self efficacy
beliefs people have about the effectiveness of their behavior ex: my studying is effective
77
Reciprocal determinism
mutual influence of external stimuli + cognitive process regulating behavior - 3 factors included (personal, environmental, behavior)
78
3 factors of influence
-Personal: attitude; values, personality ex: child doesn’t like school -Environmental: actions of others ex: teacher doesn’t like student -Behavior itself ex: child acting out during school
79
Julia Rotter
Expectancy Theory - We learn what to expect in different situations - Our behavior is governed by those expectations - Your beliefs in your abilities
80
Psychoanalysis evaluation
hard to test low reliability no science
81
Neo-Freudian evaluation
not based off sound science
82
Trait Evaluations
It’s not consistent situational does it stay consider over time and across situations
83
Behaviorist Evaluations
doesn’t deal with people emotions just science (humans are not puppets)
84
Humanist Evaluation
naive and optimistic

AP Psych (10 decks)

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