Unit 6

Question 1

Reflex

Answer 1

not learned
you don’t need prior experience

Question 2

Learning

Answer 2

lasting change in behavior that is as a result of practice or past experience

Question 3

Habituation

Answer 3

decrease response

Question 4

Pavlov

Answer 4

Classical Conditioning
Dogs

Question 5

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 5

something by that doesn’t mean anything by itself (ex: bell)

Question 6

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 6

thing that leads you to react without previous training
(ex: food)

Question 7

Unconditioned Response

Answer 7

A response to the thing
(ex: dogs salivating to food)

Question 8

Conditioned Response

Answer 8

Thing that leads you to reach with/after training
(ex: bell)

Question 9

Conditioned Responses

Answer 9

response that is learned
(ex: dogs salivating to bell)

Question 10

Generalization

Answer 10

Not being able to distinguish the difference to things
(ex: scared of anything white and small)

Question 11

Discrimination

Answer 11

when you can tell the difference
must be learned

Question 12

Extinction

Answer 12

behavior is gone

Question 13

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 13

getting the behavior back for no reason

Question 14

Conditioned Emotional Response

Answer 14

emotional response
fear or prejudice- pre judge - learned

Question 15

Conditioned Taste Aversion

Answer 15

The Garcia effect
aversion to taste but not the sight or sound

Question 16

Trace Conditioning

Answer 16

the condition stimulus is presented and terminated before the unconditioned stimulus (1/2 second)

Question 17

Delay Condition

Answer 17

the conditioned stimulus is presented and continues at least until unconditioned stimulus is present

Question 18

Simultaneous Conditioning

Answer 18

conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are present and terminated at the same time

Question 19

John Watson

Answer 19

Baby Albert

Question 20

Mary Cover Jobes

Answer 20

Watsons assistant
if you associate something pleasant with a fear object fear decreases

Question 21

Rescoria + Wagner

Answer 21

the contingency model
key concept: prediction + cognition (thinking invaded)

Question 22

Operant Conditioning

Answer 22

learning through the consequences of your actions

Question 23

E.L Thorndike

Answer 23

cats and fish
originally known as instrumental conditioning

Question 24

Law of Effect

Answer 24

you learn what to do and what not to do depending on the result

Question 25

B.F Skinner

Answer 25

pigeons

Question 26

Operant Conditioning vs Classical Conditioning

Answer 26

OC - voluntary, active < reinforcement after response CC - involuntary, passive

Question 27

Extinction - Classical Conditioning

Answer 27

Conditioned response decreases when conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented alone

Question 28

Extinction - Operational Conditioning

Answer 28

responding decreases when reinforcement stops (ex: stop giving a child attention when they misbehave)

Question 29

Reinforcement

Answer 29

(do it again) goal is to strengthen the response

Question 30

Primary Reinforcement

Answer 30

naturally rewarding (ex: food)

Question 31

Secondary Reinforcements

Answer 31

associated with primary (ex: money to get food)

Question 32

Positive reinforcement

Answer 32

giving a positive + +

Question 33

Negative reinforcement

Answer 33

takes a negative (ex: Tylenol, takes away headache)

Question 34

Punishment

Answer 34

(don’t do it again) goal is to decrease behavior

Question 35

Positive punishment

Answer 35

giving a negative (ex: spanking, grounding)

Question 36

Negative punishment

Answer 36

taking away something you want (ex: taking away phone)

Question 37

Reinforcement Schedule

Answer 37

Continuous Intermittent

Question 38

Continuous

Answer 38

not the most effective but you learn the fastest (reward for everything)

Question 39

Intermittent

Answer 39

Fixed Ratio Variable Ratio Fixed Interval Variable Interval

Question 40

Ratio

Answer 40

number

Question 41

Fixed Ratio

Answer 41

reinforcement occurs after a fix # of responses (ex: you can reach tv until you pick up 5 toys)

Question 42

Variable Ratio

Answer 42

# of responses between reinforcement (ex: gambling, lottery) reinforcement comes after a #

Question 43

Interval

Answer 43

time

Question 44

Fixed interval

Answer 44

response is reinforced after a fixed period of time (ex: paychecks)

Question 45

Variable Interval

Answer 45

time between reinforcements varies (ex: you wait days for a wave)

Question 46

Behavior Modification

Answer 46

form of operant conditioning to change behavior

Question 47

Baseline data

Answer 47

how many times do they do that behavior in a day what you observe + measure

Question 48

Monitoring

Answer 48

seeing any changes

Question 49

Premack Princepal

Answer 49

reward yourself after doing something undesirable (ex: using your phone after studying)

Question 50

Shaping

Answer 50

the closer you are to the goal it gets reinforced (skinner + pigeons)

Question 51

Superstitious learning

Answer 51

ex: wearing you’re lucky socks

Question 52

Cognitive Learning Theories

Answer 52

unobservable mental activity including thinking + memory

Question 53

Kohler

Answer 53

insight learning

Question 54

Insight learning

Answer 54

sudden appearance of answers (ex: taking a test and then realizing the right answer)

Question 55

Tolman

Answer 55

Latent learning

Question 56

Latent learning

Answer 56

learning that is revealed when an incentive is provided (ex: raising hand after candy is provided)

Question 57

Cognitive/mental nap

Answer 57

visual image of how to get from point A to point B

Question 58

Observational Learning

Answer 58

observe + imatiating not modeling

Question 59

Albert Bandura

Answer 59

Bobo Doll

Question 60

Mirror Neurons

Answer 60

provide neural basis for observational learning (ex: when baby imitates an adult )

Question 61

Biofeedback

Answer 61

you get feedback on biological responses and you learn to control these biological responses