UNIT 2 Flashcards
(34 cards)
steps in doing research in social psychology
1) coming up with ideas (questions)
2) shape the idea into a hypothesis
3) test hypothesis to for theory
several ways for generating research ideas
Read already published research. Ask questions, use your personal experience and your everyday life ponderings.
hypothesis
proposed explanation or prediction that you can test
An explicit testable prediction about the conditions under which an event will occur. It’s the testable portion of a theory.
theory
An organized set of principles used to explain and observed phenomena. A series created to be challenged, supportive research increases.The strength disproving research decreases the strength
applied research
Research with the goal to make applications to the world and contribute to the solution of social problems. Real world applications.
basic research
Research with the goal to increase the understanding of human behavior often by testing hypothesis based on a theory, basic research lays, the groundwork for applied research, often integrated loop.One leads to the other.
conceptual variables
Variables in abstract general form. Broad topic or forms such as love intoxication, conformity, and there is multiple ways to define them.
operational definitions
The specific way in which a conceptual variable this is manipulated or measured. Eg intoxication measured by blood work or inability to walk a straight line.
advantages and disadvantages of using self-reports and observations to measure variables
-Used in a wide variety of settings
Is subjective
-Gives researcher access to beliefs and perceptions
-Can be influenced by individuals, background or social constraints orr previous opinions on the ideas
- often set in the past, relying on unreliable memories decreased accuracy
- influenced by how they feel, they will be treated by their answers
- responses are affected by the ability to interpret questions or ways in which questions are asked
- based on observers opinions or subjective awareness
- faulty recollections and distorted interpretations of one’s own behavior
- under observation, individuals can skew behaviors to appear more favorable
construct validity
The extent to which the measures in a study measure, the intended variable and manipulations manipulated intended variables
Why is construct validity necessary
To ensure that we are measuring the correct variable and to get accurate data
interrater reliability
Level of agreement among multiple observers of the same behavior. Observers must agree to acquire trusted data.
Why is it necessary to have interrater reliability
It ensures that observations ratings or judgments made by multiple researcher consistent and trustworthy.
purpose of descriptive research
The situation as it is swwn with no manipulation.
Describes people end their thoughts, feelings and behaviors. To systematically and accurately describe a phenomenon population or situation without manipulating variables. It does not explain why something happens, but is essential for understanding what is happening, and it lays the groundwork for future studies.
methods used to conduct descriptive research.
Observation, survey, archival studies
advantages and disadvantages of using observation, archival records, and surveys to conduct research?
Observational- Can influence behavior by being present?And you cannot observe the past.
Archival studies - behavior is reviewed. Second hand there is less of a chance I’ll observer influence. But one is limited to the depth and quality of the info. It is valuable for history trends.
Surveys - can be connected on many platforms. Addressing many topics they allow respondents the freedom to answer truthfully. Yeah, no one will know their answers rigorous sampling procedures.
random sampling
A method of selection in which everyone in a population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
Without this procedure, there cannot be an accurate representation of a population and it reduces the chances of skewed data under representation of parts of the population.
Why is it important to use random sampling in designing surveys
Without random sampling, it cannot be considered an accurate representation of the population. Random sampling reduces the chances of skewed data and under representation of parts of the population.
correlational research
Designed to measure the association or relationship between variables that are not manipulated by the researcher, it is just a measurement.
CORRELATION NOT CAUSE
What is the purpose of correlational research?
Croational research is used for measurement. It identifies relationships with non evasive, easy applied or conducted and broad applications. It does not prove causation. It is limited by other variables, and there is limited variable control. This can lead to false assumptions in overgeneralizations.
What does correlation is not causation mean
Variables are related by some relationship, but there is an unknown direct cause of the patterns between the two variables cannot demonstrate cause and effect
the purpose of experimental research
It is a powerful technique used to identify cause and effect
the characteristics of an experiment.
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Random assignment
Random sampling
Subjective variable
Analysis
independent variables
Factor a condition that is manipulated in the experiment
