UNIT 9 Flashcards
(37 cards)
Describe the need for affiliation.
the need to belong is a basic human motive, a pervasive drive to form and maintain at least a minimum quantity of lasting, positive and significant interpersonal relationships
affiliation
the human tendency or motivation to seek connection, companionship, and a sense of belonging with others. It involves forming and maintaining social bonds, such as friendships, group memberships, or intimate relationships.
social anxiety.
intense feelings of discomfort in situations that invite public scrutiny.
What is the relationship between affiliation and stress?
stress strongly arouses our need for affiliation. External triggers cause fear and cause us to desire connection, typically with similar others.
seeking others during stress can help us cope, those who have already experienced the stress can help.
misery- affiliation
embarrassment- hide
loneliness
a feeling of deprivation about existing social relations, an emotional state of heart wrenching sadness, when deprived of social connections.
the three facets of loneliness
1) intimate- wants intimate connection but lacks spouse or significant other
2) relational- wants friendships but lacks everyday connections
3) Collective- outermost layer of social network, and comes from remote relationships and social identities such as clubs or volunteering
What role do rewards play in interpersonal attraction
mate selection is survival and success of off spring
direct rewards attention/affection, money, status,
indirect rewards
feelings and laughter
the relationship between proximity and interpersonal attraction
proximity increases frequency of contact (mere exposure effect)
familiarity breeds attraction
the objective factors that influence perceptions of beauty
genetic averages
- face shape
- body proportions
the subjective factors that influence perceptions of beauty
physical attributes
- beauty is in the eye of the beholder
- cultural standards
- what’s in at the time (trends)
- time period lived in
- effected by culture and personality
- cultural standards
Why are people attracted to beautiful people
seen to have a social advantage
what-is-beautiful-is-good stereotype
belief that what is physically attractive also has desirable personality characteristics
How do similarity and dissimilarity influence our attraction to people during initial encounters
tend to associate with those that are like ourselves. allows us to make quick judgements,
the matching hypothesis
proposition that people are attracted to others who are similar in physical appearance
the role of reciprocity in early relationships
mutual exchange between what we give and receive. we tend to like those who we know like us
What is the hard-to-get effect
tendency to prefer people who are highly selective in their social choices over those who are more readily available.
we tend to overly desire the hard to get as we want to take back our freedom of choice
research evidence against an evolutionary view of mate selection
- choosing a mate based on feelings
- different cultures have different views if it was biological we should all be the same
- women prioritize resources and success
- actual mate choices do not align, influenced by a social aspect
- humans easily adapt and change based on what they are presented with
comparison level
a measurement or average to gain an expected out come of the relationship, meets or exceeds expectations = stay (success)
comparison level for alternatives
refer to people’s expectations about what they would receive in an alternative situation
social exchange theory
A perspective that views people as motivated to maximize benefits and minimize costs in their relationships with others.
equity theory
The theory that people are most satisfied with a relationship when the ratio between benefits and contributions is similar for both partners.
In what way is the equity theory similar to the social exchange theory
both are still a measurement of cost/reward
when one does not get reward or benefit they feel they deserve they are dissapointed
communal relationships
A relationship in which the participants expect and desire mutual responsiveness to each other’s needs.
exchange relationships
business relationships
cost and reward or purchase
A relationship in which the participants expect and desire strict reciprocity in their interactions.
