Unit 7

Question 1

social influence

Answer 1

ways in which others affect an individuals thoughts feelings and behaviors. this can be direct or indirect, this could be real or imagined pressures of others

Question 2

three forms of social influence

Answer 2

(1) Conformity
conform to group norms or maintain their independence,

(2) Compliance
comply with requests or be assertive, and

(3) Obedience
obey or defy the commands of authority.

Question 3

conformity

Answer 3

change of perception, opinions or behavior with social group norms

Question 4

compliance

Answer 4

Changes in behavior that are elicited by direct requests.

Question 5

obedience

Answer 5

Behavior change produced by the commands of authority.

Question 6

normative influence

Answer 6

conformity from the influence of the negative fear or social consequences of deviance

Question 7

informational influence

Answer 7

conformity from influence that produces beliefs that others are correct in their judgement/beliefs/actions

Question 8

Describe the effects of being socially ostracized

Answer 8

being social ostracized makes one feel neglected, ignored and excluded socially. can be a form of “social death”, causing feelings of distress when ignored, leading to feeling numb, sad, angry and over time being unable to cope.
Rejection causes pain similar to physical pain

Question 9

public conformity

Answer 9

when individuals openly conform to group norms while in a private life holding on to true beliefs — to fit in or avoid disapproval

Question 10

private conformity

Answer 10

conforming to groups beliefs/behaviors and genuinely adopting them as their own.

Question 11

how normative and informational influence, and public and private conformity operate in Sherif’s and Asch’s studies.

Answer 11

informational- as more people picked the incorrect line the participants were informed thus seeing proof that they may be wrong
normative- when more participants joined in on the wrong answer it makes one feel like they dont want to be left out so they join or conform to the wrong answer
public- they conform when others can see them but go home and keep the same views as they have always had
private- going home and genuinely adapting those beliefs

Question 12

majority influence

Answer 12

larger part of group pressures smaller to change.

Question 13

minority influence.

Answer 13

process where dissenters produce change with in a group. smaller portion influences larger portion to change.

Question 14

different processes by which majorities and minorities can exert pressure to affect people’s behavior

Answer 14

• holding their position
• showing dedication, risking themselves and their beliefs makes them more believable
• majority puts on pressure
• appeal to emotion

Question 15

mindlessness

Answer 15

people often go along or respond automatically without fully processing or using mental short cuts or heuristics and not critical thinking

Question 16

the norm of reciprocity

Answer 16

act of kindness is returned with an equal or greater act of kindness

Question 17

several two-step request techniques

Answer 17

door in the face
foot in the door
thats not all
low ball technique

Question 18

foot-in-the-door technique

Answer 18

A two-step compliance technique in which an influencer sets the stage for the real request by first getting a person to comply with a much smaller request.

Question 19

low-balling technique

Answer 19

A two-step compliance technique in which the influencer secures agreement with a request but then increases the size of that request by revealing hidden costs.

Question 20

door-in-the-face technique

Answer 20

A two-step compliance technique in which an influencer prefaces the real request with one that is so large that it is rejected.

Question 21

that’s-not-all technique

Answer 21

A two-step compliance technique in which the influencer begins with an inflated request, then decreases its apparent size by offering a discount or bonus.

Question 22

Briefly describe the hypothesis, research design, procedure, and results of Milgram’s original experiment on obedience to authority

Answer 22

people will obey authority figures even when causing harm.
design: blind shock increasing strength on another participant

Question 23

variables that affected the level of obedience in Milgram’s series of experiments on obedience to authority

Answer 23

variables:
1) proximity to authority figure
2) status of authority figure
3) Social support group or alone
4) personal responsibility “just following orders”

Question 24

how the participants in the Milgram study behaved differently from the participants in the Gamson et al. study

Answer 24

individuals vs group
ordered vs encouraged
no support vs group sup.

Question 25

social impact theory.

Answer 25

social influence depends on the strength, immediacy and number of source individuals.

Question 26

Identify the factors that influence the source’s impact and the target’s resistance.

Answer 26

- personal strength or self esteem - social support - sources credibility - proximity to source - group dissenters support/presence - power of the source - relevance of the issue - prior knowledge - depth of critical thinking

Question 27

how the social impact theory is relevant to conformity, compliance, and obedience

Answer 27

Social Impact Theory explains conformity, compliance, and obedience based on the strength, immediacy, and number of people influencing an individual. In conformity, people are more likely to follow group norms if the group is important, close by, and large enough. In compliance, people are more likely to agree to a request if it's made by someone powerful, nearby, or supported by others. In obedience, people tend to follow orders from a strong, legitimate authority, especially when that authority is physically close and others are also obeying. Each behavior increases as the influence from others becomes stronger, more immediate, and more numerous

Question 28

2 types of conformity

Answer 28

1) public- when individuals openly conform to group norms while in a private life holding on to true beliefs --- to fit in or avoid disapproval 2) private- conforming to groups beliefs/behaviors and genuinely adopting them as their own.

Question 29

two reasons people conform

Answer 29

1) informational- conformity from influence that produces beliefs that others are correct in their judgement/beliefs/actions 2) normative influence- conformity from the influence of the negative fear or social consequences of devience