UNIT 2: BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR

Question 1

1. LOBES OF THE BRAIN

Question 2

Frontal Lobe

Answer 2

Executive function, higher level cognition

Question 3

Parietal Lobe

Answer 3

Sensory Information

Question 4

Occipital Lobe

Answer 4

Vision

Question 5

Temporal Lobe

Answer 5

Sense of hearing/meaningful speech.

Question 6

STRUCTURES OF THE BRAIN

Question 7

Corpus Callosum

Answer 7

Connects two hemispheres

Question 8

Medulla

Answer 8

Life sustaining functions, breathing, heart rate, blood pressure.

Question 9

Cerebellum

Answer 9

Control coordination “balance”/voluntary movements.

Question 10

Hypothalamus

Answer 10

Releasing hormones (regulate homeostasis of the body).

Question 11

Hippocampus

Answer 11

Formation of memories

Question 12

Amygdala “Fear Center”

Answer 12

Processing emotion and survival responses.

Question 13

Neuroplasticity

Answer 13

Is the brain’s ability to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in the brain.

Question 14

Split Brain

Answer 14

Is the two hemispheres of the brain can’t communicate with each side (researched by Sperry and Gazzaniga).

Question 15

Broca’s Area

Answer 15

Speech production

Question 16

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 16

Comprehension of speech

Question 17

Motor Cortex

Answer 17

Voluntary movement

Question 18

Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 18

Receives and processes sensory information.

Question 19

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 19

Body’s communication network.

Question 20

Central Nervous System

Answer 20

Brain and the spine

Question 21

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 21

Sensory nerves outside brain/spinal cord.

Question 22

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 22

Voluntary moment from your brain to your muscles.

Question 23

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 23

Involuntary and unconscious actions (breathing, blood pumping, and etc).

Question 24

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 24

Emergency response system “Fight, Flight, or Freeze”

Question 25

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 25

Calm a person "rest and digest"

Question 26

THE NEURON

Question 27

Dendrites

Answer 27

Receive message

Question 28

Soma

Answer 28

Keep the neuron functional

Question 29

Myelin Sheath

Answer 29

Protect nerve/speed up message

Question 30

Axon

Answer 30

Carry messages

Question 31

Axon Terminals

Answer 31

Send Signals

Question 32

Neural Transmission

Answer 32

Information travels through a neuron electrochemically

Question 33

Action Potential "Firing"

Answer 33

Neuron sends information

Question 34

Resting Potential

Answer 34

Neuron is charge and ready to fire

Question 35

All-or-None Principle

Answer 35

Neuron fires at full strength or not at all.

Question 36

Neurotransmitters

Answer 36

Chemical messengers

Question 37

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Answer 37

Prevent neurons from firing

Question 38

Acetylcholine

Answer 38

Movement & memory

Question 39

Serotonin

Answer 39

Mood

Question 40

Dopamine

Answer 40

Pleasure chemical of the brain

Question 41

Norepinephrine

Answer 41

Response to danger "flight or flight"

Question 42

GABA

Answer 42

Calming the central nervous system

Question 43

Glutamate

Answer 43

Thinking, memory, learning

Question 44

Endorphines

Answer 44

Relieve pain and stress, feelings of pleasure/euphoria

Question 45

Afferent Neuron

Answer 45

Sensory neuron, sensory input to spinal cord into the brain

Question 46

Efferent Neuron

Answer 46

Motor neurons, carry signals away from central nervous system to initiate an action.

Question 47

Inter-neuron

Answer 47

Middleman between the afferent and efferent neurons

Question 48

Endocrine System

Answer 48

Glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones

Question 49

Pituitary Gland "Master Gland"

Answer 49

Controlled by the hypothalamus.

Question 50

Nature

Answer 50

Genetics

Question 51

Nurture

Answer 51

Environment

Question 52

Identical Twins

Answer 52

Have the same DNA

Question 53

Fraternal Twins

Answer 53

Have different DNA

Question 54

Heritability

Answer 54

Extent to which differences in the appearance of a trait across several people can be accounted for by differences in their genes.

Question 55

SLEEP CYCLES

Question 56

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 56

24 hour cycle, body's internal biological clock

Question 57

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer 57

Test record electrical activity in the brain.

Question 58

REM Sleep

Answer 58

Is your dream sleep. It is called Paradoxical sleep because brain waves are very active but muscles are paralyzed.

Question 59

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS

Question 60

Agonist

Answer 60

Mimic neurotransmitters

Question 61

Antagonist

Answer 61

Block neurotransmitters

Question 62

Depressants

Answer 62

Slow the activity of the central nervous system

Question 63

Alcohol

Answer 63

Depresses the area of the brain that controls judgement and inhibition