Unit 2 Test Flashcards
Views the Constitution as giving a limited list of power to the national government, leaving the rest for sovereign states
Each level of government is dominant within its own sphere
Dual federalism
Stresses federalism as a system of intergovernmental relationships in delivering governmental goods and services to the people
Calls for cooperation among various levels of government
Cooperative federalism
Conceives federalism as a mixed set of responsibilities in which all levels of government are engaged in a variety of issues and programs
Contrasts with dual federalism, which has fixed divisions between levels of government
Marble cake federalism
Views national, state, and local governments as competing with each other over ways to put together packages of services and taxes
Competitive federalism
Imply that states’ share of powers rests on the permission and permissiveness of the national government
Permissive federalism
Championed by Nixon and Regan
Presumes power of the federal government is limited in favor of the broad powers reserved to the states
New federalism
Gibbon vs. Ogden
Involved NY steamboat licenses
Held that states may not discriminate against interstate transportation and out of state commerce
Affirmed broad authority of Congress over interstate commerce
Promoted a national economic common market
Federal mandate
A requirement that the federal government imposes as a condition for receiving federal funds
Concurrent powers
Powers that the Constitution gives to both the national and state governments
Printz vs. US
States not required to conduct instant national background checks prior to selling a handgun
National government cannot draft local police to do its bidding
Interstate compacts
Agreement among states
Congress must approve such agreements
Often establish interstate agencies to handle problems
McCulloch vs. MD
MD levied a tax against national bank
John Marshall said not state can use its taking powers to tax a national instrument
Outlined national supremacy
Preemption
Occurs when a national law takes precedence over a state law
State and local laws are preempted when they conflict with national laws (laws regulating water, clean air, civil rights)
What has the Supreme Court recently signaled about the role of national courts in federalism issues?
The national courts should be more active in resolving federalism issues
Constitutional Counterrevoltion
Return to older version of federalism from the 1930s
US vs. Morrison
Struck down the Violence Against Women Act because gender motivated crimes did not have a substantial impact on interstate commerce
Congress therefore exceeded its powers by intruding on the powers of the states
Categorical formula grants
Grants for specific purposes
Distributed to states based on population
Require state governments to provide some of total funding
Tightly monitored to ensure that money is spent exactly as directed
Medicaid
Project grants
For specific activities such as research, construction, training
Time restrictions
Tight guidelines
Universities
Block grants
Broad grants to state for specific activities (education, child care)
Few requirements
The widely shared beliefs, values, and norms citizens hold about their relationship to the government and each other
Political culture
Deliberation
The idea of people coming together, listening to each other, exchanging ideas, learning to appreciate each other’s differences
Social capital
Democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences, which grow out of voluntary organizations
Most revered value
Liberty
Natural rights
The rights of all people to dignity and worth
