Unit 3.1: Themes in Developmental Psychology

Question 1

Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

A branch of psychology that studies how people grow and change physically, cognitively, emotionally, and socially throughout their lives.

Question 2

Chronological Approach

Answer 2

A research method focusing on how individuals develop in a sequence as they age (e.g., from infancy to adulthood).

Question 3

Thematic Approach

Answer 3

A research method focusing on specific developmental themes or questions that span across the lifespan, regardless of age.

Question 4

Stability vs. Change

Answer 4

An enduring theme that explores which traits remain consistent over time and which change due to experience.

Question 5

Longitudinal Study

Answer 5

A research method that involves studying the same group of individuals over a long period to observe changes and development.

Question 6

Nature vs. Nurture

Answer 6

An enduring theme examining the influence of heredity (nature) versus environment (nurture) on human development.

Question 7

Minnesota Twin Study

Answer 7

A longitudinal study showing that identical twins raised apart still display similarities, suggesting a strong genetic influence.

Question 8

Continuous Development

Answer 8

The idea that development is gradual and cumulative, like a smooth curve over time.

Question 9

Discontinuous Development

Answer 9

The idea that development occurs in distinct stages, like steps on a staircase.

Question 10

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

Answer 10

A theory supporting continuous development, emphasizing the role of social interaction and culture in learning.

Question 11

Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

Answer 11

A theory supporting discontinuous development, with specific stages of cognitive growth during childhood.

Question 12

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages

Answer 12

A stage theory of development in which individuals face different psychosocial challenges at different life stages.

Question 13

Motor Development

Answer 13

The progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities; may be influenced by cultural factors.

Question 14

Cross-Sectional Study

Answer 14

A study that compares individuals of different ages at one point in time; faster and less costly than longitudinal studies.

Question 15

Cohort

Answer 15

A group of individuals who share a common characteristic, usually age.

Question 16

Cohort Effect

Answer 16

Differences among cohorts that result from unique historical or cultural circumstances, not age itself.