Unit 3: Chapter 24

Question 1

Mycology

Answer 1

Study of fungi

Question 1

6 major groups evolutionary defined by

Answer 1

Phylogenetic analysis

Question 2

Mycologists

Answer 2

Scientists who study fungi

Question 3

Mycotoxicology

Answer 3

Study of fungi toxins and their effects

Question 3

Mycoses

Answer 3

Diseases caused by fungi

Question 4

Who are the main decomposers?

Answer 4

Fungi

Question 5

Fungal distribution

Answer 5

Saphrophytes
Osmotrophy
Decompose complex organic material to simple organic compounds
Showcase nutrient recycling with release of molecules for living organisms to use
Pathogens for plants and animals
Symbionts with plants

Question 6

Fungi environmental conditions

Answer 6

Acidic condition with pH 5
Grow in high sugar and salt concentration; resistant to osmotic pressure
Can grow in low moisture content
Can metabolize complex carbohydrates

Question 7

Fungal Vegetative structure

Answer 7

Thallus
Hyphae
Mycellium
Yeast
Mold
Cell Wall

Question 8

Thallus

Answer 8

Body or vegetative structure of fungus which has hyphae to form mycellium for absorption of nutrients

Question 9

Mycellium

Answer 9

Network of hyphae to help obtain nutrients

Question 10

Mold

Answer 10

Multicellular masses

Question 11

Yeast

Answer 11

Single celled fungi generally larger than bacteria

Question 12

Cell Wall of Fungi

Answer 12

Composed of glucans, mannans, glycoproteins, and chitin

Question 13

Dimorphic Fungi

Answer 13

Exhibit two morphology fungi

Ex. exists in two forms yeastlike/ unicellular form and moldlike/ multicellular form

Question 14

Canandida albicans

Answer 14

Showcases dimorphic fungi
produce yeast

Question 15

Coenocytic hyphae

Answer 15

No cross walls

Question 16

Septate hyphae

Answer 16

Have cross walls called septate
Pores enable cytoplasmic streaming

Question 17

Fungi Reproduction

Answer 17

Performs sexual and asexual reproduction
Reproduction by formation of spores that detach from parent and germinate into and a new mold

Question 18

Asexual reproduction

Answer 18

Parent cell undergoes mitosis and divide into daughter cell

Question 19

Asexual spores include

Answer 19

Sporangiospores, Conidiospores, Anthrospores, Blastospores

Question 20

Sporangiospores

Answer 20

Develop within a sporangium sac at hyphae tip

Question 21

Conidiospores

Answer 21

Spores not enclosed in sac but produced at tips or sides of hyphae

Question 22

Arthospores

Answer 22

Formed when hyphae fragment

Question 23

Blastospores

Answer 23

Produced from a vegetative mother cell budding

Question 24

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 24

Involves fusion of nuclei from 2 opposite mating strains

Question 25

Importance for Fungal spores

Answer 25

Enable fungi to survive environmental stresss Aid in fungal dissenination Reproduction Useful for identification of fungal species

Question 26

3 Phases of sexual reproduction

Answer 26

1. Haploid donor cell nucleus penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell 2. Fusion of nuclei and form diploid zygote 3. Meiosis: diploid nucleus produced haploid nuclei (sexual spores)

Question 27

Zoosporic Fungi

Answer 27

Performs asexual reproduction (spornagiospores) and sexual reproduction (zygospores) Produce motile spores 2 Groups: 1. Microsporidia 2. Chytridomycota (Chytrids)

Question 28

Microsporidia

Answer 28

Under Zoosporic Fungi Obligate intracellular parasite Polar tube for host invasion and piereces Lack mitochondria and have mitosomes

Question 29

Chytridiomycota (Chytrids)

Answer 29

Saprophytic Most are aquatic Parasites and kill amphibians

Question 30

Zygomycetous

Answer 30

No motile flagella and rely on wind or cling to animals for spore dispersal Sexual reproduction when environmental conditions are not favorable Zygospores (sexual spores) Hyphae lack septate (coencytic: no cell wall)

Question 31

2 Groups of Zygomentous

Answer 31

1. Mucoromycota 2. Glomeromycotina

Question 32

Mucoromycota

Answer 32

under Zygomycetous Used in food industry and cause food spoilage Used to produce anesthetics, birth control, alcohols, meat tenderizers, and yellow food coloring

Question 33

Genus Rhizopus

Answer 33

Under Mucoromycota and Zygomycetous Grow on surface of moist carbohydrate rich foods (bread, fruit, vegetables) Hyphae absorb nutrients Asexual reproduction and if environemntal conditions unfavorable do sexual reproduction

Question 34

Plasmogamy

Answer 34

Fusion of cytoplasm of 2 genetically different cells (+ and -)

Question 35

Karyogamy

Answer 35

+ and - nuclei fuse and form diploid zygote

Question 36

Meiosis

Answer 36

Diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei (sexual spores)

Question 37

Rhizopus Chineosis

Answer 37

Under zygomycetous, mucoromycota Seedling blight rice disease

Question 38

Glomeromycotina

Answer 38

Under zygomycetous, mucoromycota Symbionts of plants: FDungus deliver nutrients to plants and plants provide carbohydrates to fungus Mycorrhizal fungi: grow in association with their roots of their plant hosts

Question 39

Dikarya

Answer 39

most diverse funagl growth Have septate hyphae (have cross walls) cell membrane has sterol ergosterol (drug target) delay in fertilization with dikaryotic stage: n+n before going to 2 haploid nuclei

Question 40

2 Taxa of dikarya

Answer 40

1. Asycomycota (sac fungi) 2.. Basidomycota (club fungi)

Question 41

Ascomycota (sac fungi)

Answer 41

Dikarya Has ascospores for reproductive spores Ex. Aspergillus

Question 42

Aspergillus

Answer 42

Fungi that causes Aflatoxin and cancer

Question 43

Basidiomycota (club fungi)

Answer 43

Dikarya Sexual spore: Basidiospore Fragmentation Has septate (cross walls) Mushroom and plant pathogens which produce toxins

Question 44

Sacchromyces cerevisiae

Answer 44

brewer’s yeast