UNIT 3 - Land-Based Empires

Question 1

What were the Gunpowder Empires?

Answer 1

• Ottoman Empire
• Safavid Empire
• Mughal Empire
• Russian Empire
• Qing Dynasty

Question 2

What dynasty did the Kublai Khan found in China?

Answer 2

The Yuan Dynasty (overthrown by Ming less than a century in power)

Question 3

Who established the Qing dynasty?

Answer 3

Powerful Manchu from neighboring Manchuria (ruled until 1911)

Question 4

What are the similarities between the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empire warrior leaders?

Answer 4

• descended from Turkic nomads
• spoke Turkic language
• relied on gunpowder weapons, such as artillery and cannons

Question 5

Who are the boyars?

Answer 5

Noble landowning class in Russia who stood at the top of the social pyramid

Question 6

Who was Peter the Great?

Answer 6

The tsar of Russia during the Romanov Dynasty who modernized Russia and brought it closer to Western European models. Increasing absolute monarchy, centralized power, and adoption of Western practices in government.

Question 7

Who is Martin Luther?

Answer 7

A German monk who concluded that several traditional Church practices (indulgences, simony) violated biblical teachings and wrote the 95 theses. Printing press contributed to the Protestant Reformation.

Question 8

What happened during the Counter-Reformation?

Answer 8

The Church corrected some of the Church’s abuses and concentrated on reaffirming the rituals and improving the education of priests at the Council of Trent

Question 9

Who are Jesuits?

Answer 9

• Society of Jesus
• opposed the spread of Protestantism
• spread Christianity

Question 10

What was the Thirty Years’ War?

Answer 10

• The final great religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants in Europe
• led to economic catastrophe
• resulted in the Peace of Westphalia which allowed each area of the Holy Roman Empire to select one of three religious options: Roman Catholicism, Luteranism, or Calvinism

Question 11

What was the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 11

• northern Europe
• trends in Renaissance ideas, investigation, and discovery spread
• empiricism –> collection of data to support a hypothesis

Question 12

What did the Ottoman and Safavid military have in common?

Answer 12

• both used Christians from conquered regions
• Ottomans had Janissaries from the Balkan region
• Safavids had Ghulams from the Caucasus region

Question 13

Ottoman/Safavid conflict

Answer 13

• religious conflict (Sunni vs Shi’a)
• war over territorial claims

Question 14

Safavid/Mughal conflict

Answer 14

• religious conflict (Shi’a vs Sunni)
• war over modern-day Afghanistan
• no clear victor