UNIT 6 - Consequences of Industrialization Flashcards
(36 cards)
What are some of the causes of imperialism from 1750-1900?
- demand for raw materials and new markets
- strategic competition (control key trade routes)
- nationalism
- Social Darwinism
- civilizing mission
What did Britain do after losing their American colonies?
- looked for new lands open to settlement
Why did Italy and Germany want colonies?
- economic and strategic reasons
- prestige
What is Scientific Racism?
Use of pseudoscience to justify the fact that whites were inherently superior to those they subjugated
What is Social Darwinism?
The use of Darwin’s theory of biological evolution to society
What did colonizers impose on their colonies?
- their language
- political, educational, and religious institutions
- exerted cultural influences on architecture and recreational activities
How did missionaries support imperialism?
Persuaded people to give up traditional beliefs and adopt the faith of most Europeans, Christianity
What were some economic motives for imperialism?
- British, French, and Dutch governments signed commercial treaties with local rulers in India, East africa, and the East Indies which gave them the right to establish trading posts and ports
Who was the leading economic power?
Britain
What was the Scramble for Africa?
- Otto von Bismarck of Germany hosted the Berlin Conference where Europeans established colonial borders in Africa
- divided into different colonies and united rival groups
- The British and Afrikaners fought over land which came to a boil in the Boer Wars
What were the Boer Wars?
two conflicts between the British Empire and the Boer republics in South Africa (fought over gold and diamonds in Boer territory)
What two countries remained unclaimed by Europeans?
Ethiopia and Liveria
What are Spheres of Influence?
a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments, such as trade and access to natural resources, despite no formal authority
Who were the Boxers?
an anti-imperialist group that attacked Chinese Christians and Western missionaries
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
issued by President Monroe that stated that European nations should not intervene in the affairs of the countries in the Western Hemisphere
What is Manifest Destiny?
White Americans believed that they had a natural and inevitable right to expand to the Pacific Ocean
What was the result of the Spanish American War in 1898?
The United States victory brought Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines under US control
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
Britain issued this act which reserved all the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River for Native Americans. However after independence, the US soon took over the territories
What caused the attempts to force the Cherokee off their land?
discovery of gold
What was the Indian Removal Act?
A law passed by Congress in the US that forced the Cherokee and other SE Native American tribes to relocate to Oklahoma
What was the Ghost Dance?
A Native American resistance movement that resulted in the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890, marking the end of the Indian Wars and a loss for the Natives
What was the Treaty of Paris?
Transferrred control of the Philippines from Spain to the United States
How were railroads beneficial?
- lowered the cost of transporting raw materials for shipment
- helped open up colonial markets for manufactured goods
How were farmers impacted under the control of imperialist powers?
They abandoned their traditional ways of subsistence farming and grew cash crops instead ( only enriched the colonizers )
