Unit 4 Part 2 (4.4-4.7)

Question 1

regression

Answer 1

retreat to earlier, infantile stage of development

Question 2

Humanistic Theory of Personality

Answer 2

our personality is shaped by our potential for healthy personal growth; striving for self-determination and self-actualization

Question 3

projective tests

Answer 3

present ambiguous stimuli designed to uncover hidden personality dynamics

Question 4

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 4

performance on a task is highest at moderate levels of arousal

Question 5

Instrinsic Motivation

Answer 5

engaging in a behavior because it is inherently rewarding

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

maintaining stable internal environment

Question 7

Instinct

Answer 7

complex, fixed patterns of organized, unlearned behavior

Question 8

personality inventories

Answer 8

longer questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors, assess several traits at once

Question 9

Superego

Answer 9

internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment

Question 10

denial

Answer 10

protects person from things that are too painful to accept, either by rejecting a fact or its seriousness

Question 11

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 11

ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconciously distorting reality

Question 12

Extraversion

Answer 12

between retiring, sober, reserved and sociable, fun-loving, affectionate

Question 13

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 13

the interacting influences of behavior, environment, and individual

Question 14

Repression

Answer 14

underlies all others; keeps anxiety-inducing thoughts, feelings, memories away from conciousness

Question 15

Emotion

Answer 15

aka affect, complex process distinct from knowledge and reasoning

Question 16

Structure of personality

Answer 16

Id, Ego, Superego

Question 17

Approach-Approach Conflict

Answer 17

occurs when an individual must choose between two equally attractive options

Question 18

personality

Answer 18

an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 19

conciountiousness

Answer 19

between disorganizes, careless, impulsive and organized, careful, disciplined

Question 20

Lewin’s Motivational Conflicts Theory

Answer 20

Lewin identified three types of motivational conflicts that arise when an individual faces competing goals or needs

Question 21

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 21

human behavior is a dynamic interaction between conscious and unconscious mind

Question 22

What are the elements in psychological study of personality

Answer 22

theories and assessments

Question 23

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 23

when need increases, so does our dirve to reduce it

Question 24

______ changes as the ____ of a task changes

Answer 24

optimal level of arousal, difficulty

Question 25

projection

Answer 25

disguises threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Question 26

Id

Answer 26

unconcious psychic energy that strives to statisfy basic drives to survive

Question 27

What are the 5 major traits that makes up one's personality?

Answer 27

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (emotional stability vs. instability) (OCEAN)

Question 28

The Big Five Theory

Answer 28

expanded set of factors to test multiple dimensions of personality

Question 29

self-esteem

Answer 29

the degree to which the characteristics and traits of your self-concept are positive

Question 30

self-efficacy

Answer 30

an individual's perception of their capability to perform in a given setting or to attain desired results

Question 31

types of defense mechanisms

Answer 31

repression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, sublimation, denial

Question 32

self-actualizating tendency

Answer 32

motivation to fulfill one's potential

Question 33

Arousal Theory

Answer 33

we all have an optimal level of arousal that we are trying to maintain as much as possible

Question 34

neuroticism (emotional stability vs. instability)

Answer 34

between calm, secure, self-satisfied and anxious, insecure, self-pitying

Question 35

what influences the central tenant?

Answer 35

self-efficacy and self-esteem

Question 36

Openness to experience

Answer 36

between practical, prefers routine, conforming and imaginative, prefers variety, independent

Question 37

agreeableness

Answer 37

between ruthless, suspicious, uncooperative and soft-hearted, trusting, helpful

Question 38

Broaden-and-Build Theory

Answer 38

Positive emotional experiences broaden awareness, encourage new actions and thoughts. Negative emotions reduce awareness and narrow thinking and action

Question 39

Ego

Answer 39

concious part of personality and mediates demands of id, superego, and reality

Question 40

sublimation

Answer 40

transformation of unaccceptable impulses into socially values motivations

Question 41

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Answer 41

sensory feedback to the brain from the muscles in your face can cause certain feelings

Question 42

Display Rules

Answer 42

socially-learned standard for the expression of emotion

Question 43

Factor Analysis

Answer 43

s statistical technique that idenitifies clusters or test items that tap basic components of a trait

Question 44

What are the three types of motivational conflicts?

Answer 44

Approach-Approach Conflict, Approach-Avoidance Conflict, Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

Question 45

Social-Cognitive Theory

Answer 45

emphasizes the interaction of our traits with our situations

Question 46

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 46

engaging in an activity to earn external rewards or avoid punishment

Question 47

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

Answer 47

occurs when an individual must choose between two equally unattractive options

Question 48

Self-Determination Theory

Answer 48

continuum of external and internal factors of motivation

Question 49

Unconditional (positive) regard

Answer 49

caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude

Question 50

Sensation-Seeking Theory

Answer 50

tendency to sek out novel and intense experiences

Question 51

rationalization

Answer 51

unconciously generate self-justifying explanations to hide real reasons for actions from ourselves

Question 52

displacement

Answer 52

diverts sexual or aggressive impulses towards object/person that is more acceptable

Question 53

central tenant

Answer 53

people seek to develop a sense of agency and exert control in their lives

Question 54

reaction formation

Answer 54

ego unconciously makes unacceptable impulses like their opposite

Question 55

What are the main categories of motivation?

Answer 55

Physical needs/desires, achievement, instinct, conflicts, sensation-seeking

Question 56

trait

Answer 56

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a dispositions to feel or act in certain ways

Question 57

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

Answer 57

occurs when a single choice has both positive and negative aspects