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Unit 5 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are hallucinations and is it a positive or negative symptom?

A

incorrect perception of nonexistant sensory stimuli
positive symptom

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2
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

says that psychological disorders arise from a complex interplay of biological, psychologica, and social factors

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3
Q

What are the negative consequences of diagnosis?

A

can lead to stigma, over-diagnosing and over-treating

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4
Q

What is diathesis?

A

an underlying vulnerability or predisposition

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5
Q

What is DSM-5-TR

A

Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision

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6
Q

What are the general symptoms for feeding and eating disorders?

A

altered consumption or absoption of food that impairs a person’s health or psychological function

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7
Q

What are the specific feeding and eating disorders?

A

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa

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8
Q

What specific disorders in personality disorders are in cluster B?

A

antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline personality disorder

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9
Q

What are the general symptoms anxiety disorders?

A

Excessive fear, anciety, or disress

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10
Q

What does the Diathesis-Stress Model say about psychological disorders?

A

it’s due to a combination of predisposition and environmental stressors

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11
Q

What is dissociative amnesia?

A

not recalling or remembering important information
dissociative fugue

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12
Q

Sociocultural Perspective

A

considers factors like social norms, cultural expectations, and socio-economic conditions as significant to the development and expression of disorders

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13
Q

Humanistic Perspective

A

views psychological disorders by a lack of social supoort and being unstable to fulfill one’s potential

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14
Q

Biological Perspective

A

views psychological disorders to biological factors like genetics, neurochemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities

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15
Q

What does it mean when a cause is genetic?

A

strong evidence of increased risk of having it when a close genetic relative has been diagnosed

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16
Q

Eclectic perspective

A

views psychological disorders as therapeutic strategy that combines elements from various psychological theories

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17
Q

What is borderline personality disorder?

A

unstable, attention-getting behavior
unpredictable, exaggeration responses

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18
Q

What are the possible causes of scizophrenic spectrum disorders?

A

dopamine hypothesis, genetic, biological

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19
Q

What kind of symptoms are disorganized thinking, speech, and motor behavior

A

positive symptoms

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20
Q

What specific disorders in personality disorders are in cluster A?

A

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

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21
Q

What is taijin kyofusho and what are the symptoms?

A

social anxiety disorder specific to people in Japan
Symptoms: intense fear that your body/body parts are embarrassing or offensive to others

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22
Q

What do ICD and DSM-5-TR allow?

A

standardized, reliable assessment and treatment

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23
Q

What is panic disorder?

A

unpredicted/unanticipated, repeated attack of overwhelming anxiety

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24
Q

What specific disorders in personality disorders are in cluster C?

A

avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive disorder

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25
What are the possible causes of feeding and eating disorders?
biological/genetic, social/cultural, behavioral, cognitive
26
What is bipolar ll?
less severe form, milder mania symptoms
27
What is magical thinking?
belief that events or other's behavior can be influenced by your own thoughts and actions
28
psychological disorder
any condition characterized by cognitive and emotional disturbances, abnormal behaviors, impaired functioning
29
What is ataque de nervios and what are the causes?
a culturally-bound panic disorder experienced by people of Caribbean or Iberian (Spanish/Portugese) descent caused after family tragedy, death
30
What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
extreme inattention
31
Critique of Psychodynamic Perspective
unconcious drives are not falsifiable (meaning cannot be proven or refuted)
32
What are the disorders within the category of Obesessive/Compulsive Disorders?
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder - Hoarding disorder
33
What is schizoid?
social detatchment disinterest in social relationships
34
What are the possible causes of dissociative disorders?
trauma, stress
35
What are the specific dissociative disorders?
Dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder
36
What are delusions and are the symptoms positive or negative?
false beliefs, positive symptom
37
What is dissociative fugue?
suddenly and unexpectedly travelling away from home or normal routines with no memory of some or all of their past
38
What is avoidant?
fearful and sensitive to rejection
39
What is social anxiety disorder and symptoms?
unreasonable fear of embarassment or negative evaluation in social situations Symptoms: intense fear of being watched/judged
40
What is schizotypal?
intense discomfort with personal relationships magical thinking
41
What are the general symptoms for bipolar disorders?
mood disorder
42
What are the specific trauma and stress-related disorders?
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
43
Behaviorable Perspective
emphasizes observable behaviors more than internal processes
44
What is hoarding disorder?
persistent difficulty parting with possessions
45
What are the possible causes of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders?
- learned associations - maladaptive thinking or emotional responses - biological or genetic factors
46
What are the general symptoms for personality disorders?
enduring patterns of thoughts and/or behaviors that interfere with long term functioning
47
What are the possible causes for bipolar disorders?
biological,genetic, social/cultural, behavioral, cognitive
48
What is dissociative identity disorder?
two or more distinct identities or personality states that each recurrently take control of the individual's behavior
49
What is specific phobia?
fear/anxiety related to a specific stimulus (phobia)
50
Dysfunctional
impairment, disturbance, or deficiency
51
What are the possible causes of personality disorders?
biological/genetic, social/cultural, behavioral, cognitive
52
What are the symptoms for posttraumatic stress disorder?
flashbacks, severe axniety, emotional deatchment
53
What is histrionic?
excessively emotional, exaggeration, self-centering emotions
54
What are factors in diagnosis
3Ds: level of dysfunction, perception of disress, and deviation from the social norm
55
What does it mean when a cause if biological?
prenatal exposure to viruses (like the flu)
56
What is dopamine hypothesis?
potentially linked to too much dopamine in the nervous system
57
Maladaptive
detrimental, counterproductive, or otherwise interfere with optimal functioning
58
What does the Psychodynamic Perspective say that psychological disorders are caused by?
views psychological disorders as unconcious conflicts, childhood experiences, and repressed emotions
59
What are the specific bipolar disorders?
Bipolar l and Bipolar ll
60
What is generalized anxiety disorder and symptoms?
persistent, prolonged, nonspecific, and excessive worry about various issues Symptoms: distrssed by worrying. fidgeting, overthinking, imagining worse-case scenarios
61
What is major depressive disorder?
2 or more weeks of 5 or more of the major symptoms of depression
62
What are positive and negative symptoms?
positive: inappropriate behaviors present negative: appropriate behaviors are absent
63
What is agoraphobia?
fear/anxiety of being outside of your home
64
What are the general symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders?
obsessive thoughts that causes repeated behaviors meant to calm anxiety
65
What is anorexia nervosa?
undereating and/or extreme effort to lose weight
66
What are the possible causes of anxiety disorders?
- learned associations between and mong stimuli - maldaptive thinking or emotional reponses - biological or genetic factors
67
What are the disorders within the Anxiety Disorder category?
- specific phobia - agoraphobia - panic disorder - social anxiety disorder - generalized anxiety disorder
68
What are the types of delusions and what do they do?
Delusions of persecution: false convinctions that others are threatening or conspiring against you Delusions of granduer: false sense of self-importance
69
What is ICD?
Internation Classification of Diseases
70
What are the general symptoms for schizoprenic spectrum disorders (5)?
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking/speech, disorganized motor behavior, negative symptoms
71
What is bulimia nervosa?
overeating followed by purging (throwing up or using laxatives)
72
What is bipolar l?
most severe form of bipolar disorder (mania lasts a week or more)
73
What are the symptoms of depression?
diminished pleasure, weight loss, insomnia, fatigue, guilt
74
What does it mean when a disorder is classificed as cluster A, B, or C
A: odd or eccentric thoughts/behaviors B: dramatic, overly emotional, or erratic thoughts/behaviors C: anxious or fearful thoughts/behaviors
75
What do people with depressive disorders say internally, globally, and stable
internal: my fault global: affects everything in my life stable: always going to happen
76
What is Obsessive-compulsive disorder?
unwanted thoughts that compel repeated actions
77
What are the general symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders?
evaluate if person is exhibiting behaviors appropriate to their age/maturity level
78
What are the general symptoms of trauma and stressor-related disorders?
exposure to trauma or stressor with subsequent psychological distress
79
What are the general symptoms of dissociative disorders?
dissociation from conciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, or behavior
80
Cognitive Perspective
views psychological disorders by faulty or distorted thinking patterns, maladaptice thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or emotions
81
What is dissociative identity disorder caused by?
severe childhood trauma/abuse
82
What are the types of culturally bound panic disorders
Ataque de nervios Taijin kyofusho
83
What is mood disorder?
mood fluctuations or "cycling" between manis and depression
84
What are the possible causes of depressive disorders
biological/genetic, social/cultural, behavioral, cognitive
85
What are the possible treatment for schizophrenic spectrum disorders?
antipsychotic medications or other meds that would block doapmine receptor sites
86
What are the general symptoms for depressive disorders
sad, empty feelings, irritable modd that causes physical and sognitive effects on functioning
87
How can you treat bipolar disorders?
lithium
88
Diagnosis
a systematic assessment of smyptoms, including their duration, intensity, and impact on functioning
89
What is autism spectrum disorder?
cognitive and social impairment disorder impaired interpersonal communication
90
Evolutionary Perspective
views psychological disorders as adaptive functions that have become maladaptive in modern environment
91
What is persistent depressive disorder?
symptoms should be present more days than not over the last two years
92
What is antisocial?
socially harmful behaviors (lack of remorse and guilt for thoughts/behaviors impulsive, irresponsible, trouble with authority exploiting people
93
What are the positive consequences of diagnosis?
helps doctors predict a disorder's future course, suggest appropriate treatment, and prompt research into its causes
94
Criticism of Behavioral Perspective
doesn't treat cause, just outcomes
95
What are the speicific neurodevelopmental disorders?
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
96
What are the causes of trauma and stressor-related disorders?
traumatic or especially stressful events or circumstances
97
What are the specific depressive disorders?
Major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder
98
What are the possible causes of neurodevelopmental disorders?
environmental, psyciological, genetic

AP Psychology (15 decks)

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