Unit 3 Part 3

Question 1

stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers an unconditioned response

Answer 1

unconditioned stimulus

Question 2

learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus

Answer 2

conditioned response

Question 3

unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 3

unconditioned response

Question 4

stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

Answer 4

neural stimulus

Question 5

learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus

Answer 5

conditioned response

Question 6

connections; learning that certain events occur together

Answer 6

associative learning

Question 7

The decrease or disappearance of a conditioned response

Answer 7

extinction

Question 8

The reappearance of a conditioned response after a rest period or a period of lessened response

Answer 8

spontaneous recovery

Question 9

learning to associate two stimuli through experience

Answer 9

classical conditioning

Question 10

is classical conditioning voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 10

involuntary

Question 11

learned ability to distinguish between stimuli

Answer 11

stimulus discrimination

Question 12

The first stages of learning when a conditioned response is established

Answer 12

acquisition

Question 13

replaces an unwanted response with a new desired response

Answer 13

counter-conditioning

Question 14

single pairing of stimulus with response will create association strong enough to be conditioned

Answer 14

one-trial conditioning

Question 15

decreasing response to a stimulus due to increased exposure

Answer 15

habituation

Question 16

Learning to associate a behavior with a consequence

Answer 16

operant conditioning

Question 17

is operant conditioning involuntary or voluntary?

Answer 17

voluntary

Question 18

learned ability to distinguish between behaviors and consequences in different settings

Answer 18

reinforcement discrimination

Question 19

responses that lead to satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated; responses that lead to satisfying outcomes are less likely to be repeated

Answer 19

law of effect

Question 20

the tendency for a behavior that has been reinforced in a specific context to also be displayed or exhibited in similar contexts

Answer 20

reinforcement generalization

Question 21

An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Answer 21

shaping

Question 22

tendency of a learned behavior to gradually revert back to biologically predisposed patterns

Answer 22

instinctive drift

Question 23

Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.

Answer 23

reinforcement

Question 24

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Answer 24

learned helplessness

Question 25

Any event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows.

Answer 25

punishment

Question 26

when you reinforce behavior every time

Answer 26

continuous reinforcement

Question 27

what is positive reinforcement?

Answer 27

ADD (+) something to INCREASE a behavior. *adds pleasure/provides something desirable

Question 28

what is negative reinforcement?

Answer 28

REMOVE (-) something to INCREASE a behavior. *provides relief/reduces something adverse

Question 29

what is positive punishment?

Answer 29

ADD (+) something to DECREASE a behavior. *administer an adverse/unwanted stimulus

Question 30

what is negative punishment?

Answer 30

REMOVES (-) something to DECREASE a behavior. *withdraw a rewarding stimulus

Question 31

what is variable-interval schedule?

Answer 31

-Unpredictable time period has elapsed

Question 32

what is fixed-ratio schedule?

Answer 32

Set number of responses

Question 33

innate, natural reinforcers

Answer 33

primary reinforcer

Question 34

stimulus that is reinforcing though its association with a primary reinforcer

Answer 34

secondary reinforcer

Question 35

what is fixed-interval schedule?

Answer 35

Specific time period has elapsed

Question 36

What is the Social Learning Theory?

Answer 36

learning can occur by observing and imitating others, we anticipate the consequences would also happen to us

Question 37

what is vicarious conditioning?

Answer 37

learning through others

Question 38

what is modeling?

Answer 38

imitating a behavior displayed by another

Question 39

what is insight learning?

Answer 39

solution to a problem occurs without any association, consequence, or model

Question 40

what is latent learning?

Answer 40

learning that occurs without reinforcement, but only becomes apparent when there is an incentive to demonstrate it

Question 41

what is cognitive map?

Answer 41

mental representations of an environment