Unit 4- Thoracic Cavity and Respiratory System

Question 1

Name the 3 subdivisions of the thoracic cavity

Answer 1

1. Pleural Cavity
2. Mediastinum
3. Pericardial

Question 2

At which structures will you find the border between superior and inferior mediastinum?

Answer 2

Between the sternal angle and the T4-T5 vertebral bodies

Question 3

What structures belong in the Superior Mediastinum?

Answer 3

Thymus Gland, Thoracic Duct, Esophagus

Question 4

What structures are found within the Anterior mediastinum?

Answer 4

Thymus Gland

Question 5

What structures are found within the Middle mediastinum?

Answer 5

heart, pericardium, superior vena cava, aortic arch, Azygos v.

Question 6

What structures are found within the Posterior mediastinum?

Answer 6

Thoracic aorta, esophagus, and thoracic duct

Question 7

To Which structure does the parietal pleura adhere? The Visceral pleura?

Answer 7

Parietal- outer thoracic wall, diaphragm surface, and mediastinum

Visceral- covering of the lungs

Question 8

Whare are the nose and mouth connected by?

Answer 8

Nasopharynx

Question 9

Where is inhaled air filtered, warmed, and moistened?

Answer 9

Mouth and oral cavity

Question 10

What opens the trachea?

Answer 10

Laryngopharynx

Question 11

What connects the nasopharynx and the laryngopharynx?

Answer 11

Oropharynx

Question 12

Describe the trachea and bronchial tree

Answer 12

Trachea- passes posterior to aortic arch and anterior to the esophagus; begins immediately below cricoid cartilage; kept open by C shaped tracheal cartilages; 4-5 inches long; level of sternal angle, the carina (last cartilages ring) can be found and the trachea divides into the left and right primary bronchi

Primary/ Main Bronchi: enters the hilum of the lungs
Secondary/ Lobar Bronchi: enters each lobe of the lung
Tertiary/ Segmental Bronchi- enters each bronchopulmonary segment of the lung and subdivides into bronchioles and terminal bronchioles

Question 13

Put the flow from trachea to alveoli in order

Answer 13

1. Trachea
2. Primary Bronchus
3. Secondary Bronchus
4. Tertiary Bronchus
5. Terminal Bronchiole
6. Respiratory Bronchiole
7. Alveolar Duct
8. Alveolus

Question 14

Within the lungs, does oxygen diffuse into or out-of the pulmonary capillary

Answer 14

Into

Question 15

Within the lungs, does carbon dioxide diffuse into or out-of the pulmonary capillary

Answer 15

Out of

Question 16

What features do both lungs share?

Answer 16

Superior Lobe, Inferior Lobe, Oblique Fissure, Apex, and Base

Question 17

What features belong only to the Right Lung?

Answer 17

Middle lobe and Horizontal Fissure

Question 18

What features belong only to the Left lung?

Answer 18

Cardiac Notch and Lingula

Question 19

What are the nerve roots for the phrenic nerves?

Answer 19

C3, C4, C5 (3,4,5 keeps the patient alive)