Unit 4- Urinary System Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the organs of the urinary system?
Kidney, Ureter, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra
What are the 5 general functions of the urinary system?
- Producing and storing urine
- Excreting urine
- Regulating blood volume
- Regulating erythrocyte (red blood cell) production
- Regulating ion balance and acid-base balance
What structures enter and exit at the hilum?
vessels, nerves, and the ureter
Describe the renal cortex
- Outer layer
-Extensions of cortex called Renal Columns project into medulla
-Contains arteries and veins
Describe the renal medulla
- Inner layer
- Subdivided by renal columns into Renal Pyramids
- Contains collecting ducts for urine
What is a nephron?
Functional filtration unit of the kidney
What is the difference between a cortical nephron and a juxtamedullary nephron?
Cortical- bulk of nephron only in cortex and has short nephron loops
Juxtamedullary- renal corpuscle close to corticomedullary junction and has long nephron loops
List and describe the structures of the nephron
Renal Corpuscle- circle where the nephron extends from; Produces a filtrate of blood that must be modified as it passes through the rest of the nephron
Proximal Convoluted Tubule- first set of squiggles closet to the Renal Corpuscle; reabsorbs ions, nutrients, plasma proteins, vitamins and water; Secretes some H+
Nephron Loop- descending limb (going down from PCT) and ascending limb (going up to DCT); Reabsorbs water, Na+ & Cl- ;Secretes some H+
Distal Convoluted Tubule- second set of squiggles closest to collecting ducts; Secretes H+ & K+ into tubular fluid; Reabsorbs Na+ & water
Collecting Ducts- go to renal papilla; absorbs water and Na+ in response to hormonal signals
Describe the movement of urine starting with the Renal Pyramids and ending with the Ureter
- Renal Pyramids
- Renal Papilla
- Minor Calyx
- Major Calyx
- Renal Pelvis
- Ureter
What is the location and function of the ureters, trigone, and ureteric orifices?
Ureter- along posterior abdominal wall beginning at hilum of kidney and entering bladder through the ureteric orifice at the tope of trigone; transports urine from kidney to bladder
Trigone- on bladder; funnel to direct urine into urethra
Ureteric Orifice- allow urine to flow from ureters to bladder; two openings on top of trigone
What is the location and function of the urinary bladder?
Male pelvis- between pubic symphysis and rectum; above prostate gland
Female pelvis- between pubic symphysis and vagina; under uterus
Reservoir for urine until micturition occurs
What type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder? Why is this type of tissue important to the function of the bladder?
Transitional Epithelium
Allows the bladder to grow when full
What is the muscularis of the bladder known as?
Detrusor Muscle
What is the difference between the internal urethral sphincter and the external urethral sphincter in terms of location and voluntary control?
Internal- bottom of trigone; involuntary ring of detrusor muscle
External- part that is on surface; voluntary ring of skeletal muscle
What are the segments of the biological male urethra?
Prostatic- through prostate gland
Membranous- through urogenital diaphragm
Spongy- encased within corpus spongiosum and extends through penis
What is the arterial and venous supply for the kidney and bladder?
Kidney:
Arterial- renal
Venous- renal
Urinary Bladder:
Arterial- branches from internal iliac artery
Venous- branches from internal iliac vein
What is the sympathetic innervation for the kidney and the bladder?
Kidney- T5-T12
Bladder- T10-L2
What is the parasympathetic innervation for the kidneys and the bladder?
Kidneys- vagus nerve
Bladder- pelvic splanchnic nerves
