Unit 1- Skeletal System Flashcards
(46 cards)
List the functions of bone (hint: there are 5)
- Rigid support
- Site of muscle attachment
- Protection for internal organs
- Storage for calcium
- Continuous blood cell supply
List the functions of cartilage (hint: there are 3)
- Semi-rigid support (flexibility)
- Decrease friction
- Allow for growth
Describe how the two types of bone tissue (compact & spongy) contribute to the composition of any given bone
Superficial: Compact bone
Deep: Spongy bone
Name and describe the
structural unit of compact
bone (Include lamella,
lacuna, central canal, and
osteocyte)
Central Canal for vessels/nerves
Lacuna: Location of osteocytes
Lamella: Layers of new bone deposit (“Growth rings”)
Osteocyte: bone cell
Describe the structure of
spongy bone (include
trabeculae and marrow
cavities)
Trabeculae: Fine, irregular plates
Marrow cavities: spaces between
Compare and contrast the
structure of compact bone & spongy bone
Contrast: osteons (none in spongy bone, present in compact bone)
Compare: parts of bone
Describe periosteum and
endosteum. Where are each located?
Periosteum: CT covering of bone
Endosteum: Lines spicules & inner surfaces of bone
How does a bone get most of its blood supply?
- Endosteal blood vessels
- Derived from Nutrient a
Describe the key difference between intramembranous and endochondral bone
development
Intramembranous:
Mesenchymal Cells > bone
Endochondral:
Mesenchymal Cells > cartilage model > bone
Define Diaphysis
Middle of tubular bones, where primary ossification center exists in growing bones
Define Epiphysis
Ends of tubular bones, where secondary ossification center exists in growing bones
Define Epiphyseal Plate (Growth Plate)
Cartilage-to-bone transition
Define Epiphyseal Line
Point of fusion of diaphysis & epiphysis
Describe how bones are
classified based on shape and provide an example of each
Long bones (ex: femur)
Short bones (ex: carpals)
Flat bones (ex: cranium)
Irregular bones (ex: face)
Sesamoid bones (ex: patella)
Describe a sesamoid bone
like a sesame seed
Define articulation
Joint (Where two bones meet)
Describe the inverse
relationship between
mobility and stability
high mobility = low stability and vice versa
Name the 3 types of joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Describe a fibrous joint and explain the 3 types of
fibrous joints
- United by fibrous tissue
Gomphosis: between jaw and tooth
Suture: attached growth plated
Syndesmosis: connects the radius and ulna and fills the space between
Describe a cartilaginous
joint and explain the 2 types of cartilaginous joints
- United by hyaline cartilage and/or fibrocartilage
Primary (Synchondrosis): Cartilage of growing bone and will be replaced by bone
Secondary (Symphysis):
Cartilage persists and fibrocartilage
Describe the general characteristics of synovial joints
Articular capsule
Articular cartilage
Ligaments
List the types of synovial
joints
Pivot Joints (rotation)
Hinge Joints (flexion/extension)
Saddle Joints (biaxial)
Condyloid Joints (biaxial)
Plane Joints (planar/ sliding)
Ball & Socket (multiaxial)
How are synovial joints classified?
Shape or type of movement
What is the only synovial
joint type that allows
movement in all directions?
Ball and socket joint
