Unit 4- Heart

Question 1

Describe the structure and function of the fibrous pericardium

Answer 1

Dense regular connective tissue

Protect from injury, prevent overfilling, and anchors to diaphragm inferiorly

Question 2

Where is parietal serous pericardium located?

Answer 2

lining of fibrous pericardium

Question 3

Where is visceral serous pericardium located?

Answer 3

outermost layer covering the heart

Question 4

What is the alternative name for visceral serous pericardium?

Answer 4

epicardium

Question 5

Define pericardial activity and describe its function

Answer 5

Space between parietal and visceral serous pericardia

prevents friction as heart contracts

Question 6

Describe the tissue/ structure of the 3 layers of the heart’s wall

Answer 6

1. Epicardium- simple squamous epithelium
2. Myocardium- cardiac muscle
3. Endocardium- simple squamous epithelium (lining of the heart)

Question 7

What is the location and function of gap junctions?

Answer 7

In cardiac muscle in the intercalated discs

Allow direct flow of current from cell to cell; this allows cardiac cells to conduct electrical signals in organized pathways and cardiac muscle to contract in an organized sequence of events

Question 8

Name the 2 upper chambers of the heart

Answer 8

Right and Left Atrium

Question 9

Name the 2 lower chambers of the heart

Answer 9

Right and Left Ventricles

Question 10

Describe the locations of the tricuspid valve

Answer 10

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Question 11

Describe the location and alternative name of the bicuspid valve

Answer 11

Mitral Valve

Between left atrium and left ventricle

Question 12

What is the large artery that carries blood away from the right ventricle?

Answer 12

pulmonary artery

Question 13

What is the large artery that carries blood away from the left ventricle?

Answer 13

aorta

Question 14

Describe the location of the pulmonary (semilunar valve)

Answer 14

Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary valve

Question 15

Describe the location of the aortic (semilunar) valve

Answer 15

between the left ventricle and the aorta

Question 16

Does the right side of the heart carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 16

Deoxygenated

Question 17

Does the left side of the heart carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 17

oxygenated

Question 18

What 4 veins drain into the right atrium?

Answer 18

SVC, IVC, Azygos vein, and coronary sinus

Question 19

What structures returns blood to the left atrium?

Answer 19

the right and left pulmonary veins (2 on each side)

Question 20

What are the significant structural differences between an atrioventricular valve and a semilunar valve?

Answer 20

Atrioventricular- found between atrium and ventricle; sets of cusps are tied to cones of ventricular muscle (papillary muscle) by fibrous strands (chordae tendinae)

Semilunar- controls flow from ventricle to artery; valve cusps are shaped like half-moons

Question 21

Define pectinate muscle

Answer 21

ridges of muscle found in the auricles

Question 22

Define trabeculae carnae

Answer 22

ridges of muscle found in the ventricles

Question 23

Define fossa ovalis

Answer 23

a small depression in the right atrium that is a remnant of the embryonic/ fetal foramen ovale

Question 24

What is the SA node and where is it located?

Answer 24

pacemaker of the heart composed of modified myocardial (heart muscle cells)

found in the right atrium near the SVC

Question 25

Write the components of the electrical conduction system of the heart in order

Answer 25

1. SA Node 2. AV Node 3. AV Bundle Branches (RBB and LBB) 4. Purkinje Fibers

Question 26

Where are the autonomic centers in the brainstem?

Answer 26

medulla of the brainstem

Question 27

What effect does sympathetic innervation have on the heart?

Answer 27

Fight or Flight; speeds SA and AV nodes

Question 28

What effect does parasympathetic innervation have on the heart?

Answer 28

Rest, Digest, and Read; slows SA node

Question 29

Write out the heart blood flow in order starting with the veins that drain into the right atrium

Answer 29

1. SVC, IVC, Azygos v., and Coronary Sinus 2. Right Atrium 3. Tricuspid Valve 4. Right Ventricle 5. Pulmonary Valve 6. Pulmonary Trunk 7. Pulmonary Arteries (bilaterally) 8. Lungs (oxygenated in the alveoli) 9. Pulmonary Veins (two bilaterally) 10. Left Atrium 11. Mitral/ Bicuspid Valve 12. Left Ventricle 13. Aortic Valve 14. Ascending Aorta 15. Aortic Arch 16. Descending/ Thoracic Aorta 17. Abdominal Aorta 18. Celiac Trunk (splits into Common Hepatic A., Left Gastric A., and Splenic A.) 19. Superior Mesenteric A. 20. Renal A. 21. Inferior Mesenteric A. 22. Common Iliac Arteries 23. External + Internal Iliac Arteries