Unit 4: Understanding Ears and Eyes Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 4: Understanding Ears and Eyes Deck (36)
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1
Q

Name the sections of the eye:

A
Aqueous humour
Cornea
Pupil
Lens
Iris
Conjunctiva
Ciliary muscle
Suspensory Ligament 
Retina
Optic nerve
Macular
2
Q

What is the pupil?

A

The opening in the middle of the eye through which light passes

3
Q

What does the Iris do?

A

Adjusts to control the amount of light entering through the pupil

4
Q

What do tear glands do?

A

Produce tears to lubricate the eye and defend against infections

5
Q

What does aqueous humour do?

A

Jelly like fluid that fills the eye. Keeps the eye’s shape and nourishes it.

6
Q

What does the conjunctiva do?

A

A thin membrane that protects the cornea

7
Q

What does the retina do?

A

Inner lining of the eye. Receives the light/images.

8
Q

What is the macula?

A

The part of the retina that receives sharp images.

9
Q

What does the optic nerve do?

A

The images are sent to the brain via this

10
Q

What does the ciliary muscle do?

A

Enables the lense to stretch and squash to focus the light

11
Q

What are suspensory ligaments?

A

Attach the lens to the ciliary muscle

12
Q

What does the lens do?

A

Focuses the light entering the eye

13
Q

Name the parts of the ear:

A
Ear drum
Incus 
malleus
stapes 
semi circular canals
auditory nerve 
cochlea
oval window
round window
eustachian tube
14
Q

What is the ear drum?

A

Thin layer of tissue that receives sound vibrations and transmits them to the middle ear cavity

15
Q

What do the stapes, incus and malleus do?

A

Small bones that amplify the sound waves and transmit the vibrations across the middle ear to the cochlea

16
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

Looks like a snail shell.

Vibrations pass through the fluid in the cochlea and are converted to messages to be sent to the brain.

17
Q

What is the organ of corti?

A

Rows of hair cells that convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses

18
Q

What is the Eustachian tube?

A

Connects middle ear to throat.

Ensures the pressure inside the ear is equal to the pressure outside the ear

19
Q

What is the round window?

A

Drum-like membrane

Vibrations from the oval window pass through into the cochlea

20
Q

What is the auditory nerve?

A

Bundle of nerve fibres that carry hearing information between cochlea and the brain

21
Q

What are the semi-circular canals and ampullae?

A

Motion sensors to help keep your balance

22
Q

What is Glaucoma?

A

Caused by a build up of pressure in the eye when fluid from the aqueous humour is unable to drain properly.
Develops slowly over years - blurred vision - blindness

23
Q

Risk factors for Glaucoma

A

Age
Ethnicity - African, Asian, Caribbean
Diabetes

24
Q

What is AMD?

A

Age-related Macular Degeneration is where the Macular part of the retina is damaged. Make sharp focus hard - reading and facial features

25
Q

Risk factors of AMD

A

Smoking
High blood pressure
Being overweight
Family history

26
Q

What is Cataracts?

A

Lens becomes cloudy/patchy leading to blurred or cloudy vision

27
Q

Risk factors for cataracts

A

Diabetes
Exposure to UV light
Smoking
Family history

28
Q

What is Retinopathy?

A

Blood vessels in the eye damaged - by diabetes - leads to blindness

29
Q

Risk factors for retinopathy

A

Diabetes - high blood sugar

30
Q

Causes of deafness

A

Exposure to loud noises over years

Viral infections damage the auditory nerve or hair cells in ear ear.

31
Q

Treatment for Glaucoma

A

Daily eye drops
Regular monitoring
Laser treatment to open up blocked tubes or reduce fluid production

32
Q

Treatment for dry AMD

A

Stop smoking
Eat green leafy vegetables
Dietary supplements
Support services to adapt to having sight problems

33
Q

Treatment for wet AMD

A

Regular scans
Injections into the eye
Photodynamic therapy - destroy abnormal blood vessels

34
Q

Treatment for cataracts

A

Surgery to remove the lens

35
Q

treatment for retinopathy

A

Injections into eye
Laser treatment
Operation to remove scar tissue from eye

36
Q

Treatment for hearing loss

A

Earwax can be sucked out or sorted with ear drops.
Implants
Different methods of communication may need to be learned