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World History > Unit 4 - Western Europe > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Western Europe Flashcards

(82 cards)

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1
Q

What did Erasmus contribute to?

A

Intellectual ideas (humanism)

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2
Q

Erasmus is considered part of the ________ time period

A

Renaissance

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3
Q

The Renaissance spread from ______ to _______

A

Italian city-states, northern Europe

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4
Q

Where was Judaism concentrated in 1500?

A

Middle East, Europe

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5
Q

Where was Christianity concentrated in 1500?

A

Middle East, Europe

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6
Q

Where was Islam concentrated in 1500?

A

Parts of Asia, Africa, and southern Europe

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7
Q

Where was Hinduism concentrated in 1500?

A

India, Southeast Asia

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8
Q

Where was Buddhism concentrated in 1500?

A

South, East Asia

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9
Q

Trade routes: Asia to Mediterranean in 1500

A

Silk Roads

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10
Q

Most active trade route in 1500

A

Indian Ocean

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11
Q

African Trade Route

A

Trans-Saharan across North Africa

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12
Q

Trade in Northern Europe

A

Black Sea

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13
Q

Trade within Western Europe

A

Sea and river

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14
Q

List advancements TRANSFERRED ACROSS TRADE ROUTES by China by 1500

A

Porcelain, compass, silk, porcelain

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15
Q

List technologies TRANSFERRED ACROSS TRADE ROUTES by India/Middle East by 1500

A

Textiles, numeral system

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16
Q

List technologies TRANSFERRED ACROSS TRADE ROUTES that did not have one single originator by 1500

A

Scientific knowledge, astronomy, medicine

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17
Q

Merchant wealth challenged the Church’s views on ________

A

usury

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18
Q

_____ and ______ nobility disliked ITALIAN DOMINANCE over the Church

A

German, English

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19
Q

The widespread ________ within the Church and the sale of _______ caused conflicts

A

corruption, indulgences

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20
Q

Luther believed that ________ alone led to salvation

A

Faith

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21
Q

In what year did Luther post his 95 Theses?

A

1517

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22
Q

John Calvin believed that salvation was earned through a _______ and a good _____ ethic

A

righteous life, work

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23
Q

King Henry VIII dismissed the authority of the _______ in Rome

A

Pope

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24
Q

King Henry VIII eventually _______ with Rome

A

divorced

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25
King Henry's actions allowed him to ________ land and wealth of the _______ in England
appropriate, RCCq
26
Queen Elizabeth I formally structured the Church and called it the ________
Anglican Church
27
Queen Elizabeth promoted religious ________ for ________
tolerance, dissenters
28
The reformation in Germany: _______ converted to ________
princes, Protestantism
29
The Hapsburg family and the HRE supported the _______
Roman Catholic Church
30
Protestant and Catholic conflict resulted in _______
devastating wars (30 year's war)
31
In France, the Catholic Monarchy granted Protestants _____________ through the Edict of ________
freedom of worship, Nantes
32
Counter-reformation: _________ reaffirmed Catholic doctrine
Council of Trent
33
________ was founded to spread Catholic doctrine
Society of Jesus (Jesuit order)
34
The Inquisition was ________ during the counter-reformation
reinvoked
35
What was the Inquisition?
A series of courts designed to stop heresy
36
Growth of literacy was stimulated by the ___________
Gutenberg printing press
37
The Bible was printed in _______
English, German, French
38
Constantinople fell in _____-
1453
39
Prince Henry the Navigator created definitive maps of _____
the coast of West Africa
40
________, like corn and tobacco, from the Western Hemisphere changed European lifestyles.
Agricultural products
41
European _______ changed the lifestyles of the Native Americans
horses and cattle (livestock)
42
Where was the Ottoman Empire located?
Asia Minor
43
Where did the Ottoman Empire expand?
Southwest Asia, Balkan Peninsula (Southeastern Europe), North Africa
44
________ was a tolerant, unifying force in the Ottoman Empire
Islam
45
Location of the Mughal Empire
North India
46
What did European nations do in India?
They competed for trade by establishing trading outposts on the coast
47
Describe 2 parts of the Commercial revolution.
1. ) European nations fought for maritime control of overseas colonies. 2. ) New economic systems: money, banking, mercantilism.
48
William Harvey
circulation of blood
49
Copernicus
heliocentric theory
50
Galileo
used the telescope to support the heliocentric theory
51
Kepler
planetary motion
52
Newton
gravity
53
Nepotism
RCC giving offices to illegitimate sons ("nephews")
54
1054
Schism: RCC and EOC split
55
1648
End of 30 years war
56
In Russia, the orthodox church was _____ to rulers
subordinate
57
simony
buying or selling church office
58
The Hapsburgs dominated which two regions
Spain and HRE
59
Hapsburg-Valois wars were fought between _____ and ____ (religion)
Catholics, Catholics
60
Hapsburgs fought against German _____
Lutherans
61
Hapsburgs fought against Dutch ______
Calvinists
62
Hapsburgs fought against English _____
Anglican/Puritans(Calvinists)
63
1571: Ottoman Turks - what happened?
Battle of Lepanto
64
The Battle of Lepanto ended the Ottoman _________
naval threat in the Mediterranean
65
1571 was also the year in which _________
the Spanish Galeon set sail (Potosi)
66
What came out of the 80 Years' War, or Dutch Revolt?
Dutch Republic North (Protesant) & Catholic South (Hapsburg countrol)
67
Mary Tudor, in between Henvry VIII and Elizabeth I, attempted to __________
restore Catholicism
68
English Navy sank the Spanish Armada in ______
1588
69
England replaced Spain as _________
the #1 naval power
70
3-way power struggle in France
Valois (Catholic), Guise (Ultra-Catholic), Bourbon (Huguenot=Calvinist)
71
Who won the power struggle in France?
Bourbon family
72
Thirty year's war lasted from _____ to _____
1618 - 1648
73
Why was Cardinal Richelieu's actions a WATERSHED in early modern European history?
Ended purely religious wars --> POLITICAL ALLIANCES
74
Joint stock companies were pioneered by the _____
Dutch
75
Renaissance time frame
1350-1600
76
Medici family in relation to Renaissance
de facto rulers, patrons of the arts
77
Definition of humanism
MAN is the measure of all things, NOT GOD
78
How did the Renaissance spread to the North?
Trade, printing, merchant guilds
79
Erasmus was a _______
Dutch humanist
80
Treaty of Tordesillas
Divided Latin America between Portugal and Spain
81
Peter the Great and Catherine the Great did what to Russia?
Introduced western ideas
82
Louis XIV was an ______ monarch
absolute

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