UNIT 5 (CH 7/11) Flashcards
(110 cards)
the persistance of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
memory
the tendency for distributed study or practice to yeild better long-term retention that is achieved through massed study or practice
spacing effect
our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
serial position effect
the encoding of picture images
visual encoding
the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words
acoustic encoding
the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
semantic encoding
mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding
imagery
memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
mnemonics
organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
chunking
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more that a few tenths of a second
iconic memory
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3-4 seconds
echoic memory
an increase in a synapse’s firing potential after a brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
long-term potentiation (LTP)
retention independent of conscious recollection - IMpossible to remember
implicit memory
memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare” - able to EXplain
explicit memory
a neural cneter that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage
hippocampus
the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood
mood-congruent memory
the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
proactive interference
the disruption effect of new learning on the recall of old information
retroactive interference
in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
repression
incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event; at the heart of false memories
misinformation effect
attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined; at the heart of false memories
source amnesia
the processing of information into the memory system
encoding
the retention of encoded information over time
storage
the process of getting information our of memory storage
retrieval