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Psychology 290 > Unit 5: Personality > Flashcards

Unit 5: Personality Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Personality

A

Refers to an individuals unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits.

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2
Q

Personality Trait

A

Is a durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations.

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3
Q

Factor Analysis

A

Correlations among many variable are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables.

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4
Q

Psychodynamic Theories

A

Include all of the diverse theories descended from the work of sigmoid Freud which focus on unconscious mental forces.

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5
Q

Structure of Personality: Id

A

Is the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle. Demands immediate gratification of its urges.
Characterized by impulsive, instinctive and unconscious behavior.
Key traits: lack of reason,logic and concern for reality leading to selfish, demanding and unethical behavior. Uncooperative with others.

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6
Q

Pleasure Principle

A

Which demands immediate gratification of its urges.

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7
Q

Structure of Personality: Ego

A

Is the decision making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle.
Mediates between the Id and Superego.
Key traits of a healthy ego: strong sense of self and self awareness, rational thinker, resilience, empathy and compassionate.
Key traits of a non-healthy ego: exaggerated sense of self importance, self centered news, lack of empathy, need for validation, inability to cope with criticism.

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8
Q

Reality Principle

A

Which seeks to delay gratification of the id’s urges until appropriate outlets and situation can be found.

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9
Q

Structure of Personality: superego

A

Is the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong.
Punishes the ego for wrong doing it’s.
Key traits: strives for perfection that can lead to pride or shame. Moralistic, idealistic, judge mental
Influence on behavior, often working to suppress the ID impulses that are considered unacceptable by society.

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10
Q

Freuds Levels of Awareness

A
  1. Conscious
  2. Preconscious
  3. Unconscious
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11
Q

Conscious

A

Consists of whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time.
Contact with the outside world.

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12
Q

Preconscious

A

Material just beneath the surface of awareness that can be easily retrieved.

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13
Q

Unconscious

A

Contains thoughts, memories and desire that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.
Difficulty to retrieve material, well below the surface of awareness.

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14
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Are largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such and anxiety and guilt.

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15
Q

Rationalization

A

Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior.
(Ie) a student watches TV instead of studying, saying that additional study wouldn’t do any good anyway.

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16
Q

Repression

A

Is keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious.
(Ie) a traumatized solider has no recollection of the details of a close brush with death.

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17
Q

Projection

A

attributing ones own thoughts, feelings or motives to another.
(Ie) a women who dislikes her boss thinks she likes her boss but feels that the boss doesn’t like her.

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18
Q

Displacement

A

Diverting emotional feeling from their original source to a substrate target
(Ie) after a parental scolding a young girl takes her anger out on her little brother.

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19
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Behaving in a way that is exactly the opposite of ones true feelings
(Ie) a parent who unconsciously resents a child spoils the child with outlandish gifts

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20
Q

Regression

A

A reversion to immature patterns of behavior
(Ie) an adult has a temper tantrum when he doesn’t get his way,

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21
Q

Identification

A

Bolstering self esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person for group (ie) a young man joins a fraternity to boost his self esteem

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22
Q

Sublimation

A

Occurs when unconscious, unacceptable impulse are challenged into socially acceptable perhaps even to admirable behaviors.
(Ie) a young mans longing for intimacy is channeled into his creative work.

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23
Q

Psychosexual Stages

A

Are developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that leave their mark on adult personality.
Each stage has its own unique development challenges or task. These
Way they challenges are handles shapes adult personality.
The process of fixation plays an important role in each stage.

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24
Q

Fixation

A

Is a failure to move forward from one stage to another as expected.

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25
Oedipal Complex
Children manifest erotically tinged desires for their opposite sex parent accompanied by feelings of hostility toward their same sex parent.
26
Archetypes
Ancestral memories. Are emotionally charged images and thoughts forms that have universal meanings. They are not memories of actual personal experiences. Name created by Carl Jung
27
Compensation
Involves efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing ones abilities
28
Inferiority Complex
Exaggerated feelings of weakness and inadequacy.
29
Behaviorism
Is a theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior.
30
Reciprocal Determinism
The idea that internal mental events, external environmental events and overt behavior all influence one another.
31
Albert Bandura
Behaviorist Theorist who added a cognitive flavor to behaviorism.
32
B.F Skinner
Behaviorist Believed most human responses are shaped by the type of conditioning that he described: Operant conditioning. This condition strengthens and weakness response tendencies without the persons conscious participation.
33
Observational Learning
Banduras theoretical contribution. Occurs when an organism responding is influenced by the observation of others who are called models.
34
Model
In observational leaning, is a person whose behavior is observed by another.
35
Self-Efficacy
Refers to ones belief about ones ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes.
36
Humanistic Theory
Is a theoretical orientation that emphasizes self view and the importance of this self view related to behavior. Focuses on the whole person such as ability for personal growth, self awareness and personally fulfillment.
37
Phenomenological Approach
Which assumes that one has to appreciate individuals personal subjective experience to truely understand their behavior.
38
Carl Roger’s
One of the founders of the human potential movement. Movement emphasizes self realization through sensitivity training, encounter groups and other exercises intended to foster personal growth.
39
Self-Concept
Carl rogers one construct of personality structure. Is a collection of beliefs about ones own nature, unique qualities and typical behavior.
40
Incongruence
Theory created from Carly Roger’s Refers to a discrepancy between a persons ideal self and their real self or lack of alignment between their thoughts, feelings and action. Is the degree of disparity between ones self concept and one’s actual experience. THis discrepancy can lead to psychological distress or being plagued with anxiety. Love that is conditional can lead to this.
41
Conditional
Love that depends on the child behaving well and living up to expectations.
42
Unconditional
Children who are worthily of love and affection no matter what they do.
43
Actual Self
Our belief about the kind of person we think we are.
44
Ideal Self
Refers to our beliefs about the kind of person we wish to be.
45
Ought Self
Refers to our beliefs about the kind of person we have a duty or obligation to be (Ie) faithful spouse
46
Self Regulation
As the selfs ability to alter its actions and behaviors.
47
Hierarchy Of Needs
A systematize arrangement of needs, according to priority in which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused. Portrayed as a pyramid.
48
Need for Self Actualization
Which is the need to fulfill ones potential. The highest need in Maslow’s motivation hierarchy.
49
Self Actualizing Persons
Are people with exceptionally healthy personalities marked by continued personal growth.
50
Genetic Mapping
Techniques that are beginning to permit investigations to look for associations between specific gens and aspects of behavior.
51
Individualism
Involved putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining ones identify in terms of personal attributes regather than group memberships.
52
Collectivism
Involves putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining ones identity in terms of groups one belongs to.
53
Self Enhancement
Involves focusing on positive feedback from others, exaggerating ones strengths and seeing oneself as above average .
54
Self Report Inventories
Are personality tests that ask individuals to answer a series of questions about their characters behavior.
55
Projective Tests
Asks participants to respond to vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that may reveal the subjects needs, feeling and personality traits.
56
Hindsight Bias
The tendency to mound ones interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out. Also known as “i knew it all along effect”
57
Personal Unconscious
Houses material that is not within ones conscious awareness because it has been repressed or forgotten.
58
Collective Unconscious
Is a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from peoples ancestral past.
59
Striving for Superiority
Source of human motivation. Drive to adapt, improve one-off and luster life’s challenges.
60
Congruence
Carl Rogers Theory of Persoanly. Refers to a state of alignment, harmony or agreement between aspects of a person (self concept) such as their thoughts feelings , experiences and behaviors. THis is fundamental to fostering well being. Unconditional love from parents fosters this.
61
Freuds Stages of Psychosexual Development: Oral Stage
age: 0-1 Erotic focus: mouth; sucking biting Key task experiences: weaning from breast to bottle Fixation in this stage: leads to obsessive eating and smoking in adult years.
62
Freuds Stages of Psychosexual Development Anal Stage
Age: 2-3 Erotic Focus: anus (expelling or relating feces) Key task experiences: toilet training Fixation: leads to controlling and obsessive cleaning in adult years.
63
Freuds Stages of Psychosexual Development Phallic Stage
Age: 4-5 Erotic Focus: genitals (masterbating) Key term experiences: identifying with adult roles. Coping with Oedipal (boy) or Electra (girl) crisis Fixation: leads to over the top masculinity, aggression, narcissism, difficulty forming and maintaining romantic relationships.
64
Freuds Stages of Psychosexual Development Latency Stage
Age: 6-12 Erotic Focus: non (sexually repressed) Key term expereinces: expanding social contacts Fixation: leads to immaturity and difficulty forming fulfilling non sexual relationships.
65
Freuds Stages of Psychosexual Development Genital Stage
Age: puberty onward Erotic focus: genitals (being sexually intimate) Key term experiences: establishing intimate relationships, contributing to society through working Fixation: not the same as other stages. Instead represents a successful transition to mature sexual relationships and the ability to work and love.

Psychology 290 (11 decks)

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