Unit 8 Psychological Disorders Flashcards
(52 cards)
Medical Model
Proposes that it is usefully to think of abnormal behavior as a disease.
This point of view is the basis for many of the terms used to refer to abnormal behavior including mental illness, psychotic Al disorder and psychopathology.
Became the dominant way of thinking about abnormal behavior during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Diagnosis
Involves distinguishing one illness from another another.
Etiology
Refers to the apparent causation and development history of an illness.
Prognosis
Forecast about probable course of an illness.
Epidemiology
The study of distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population.
Prevalence
Refers to the percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period.
Lifetime Prevalence
The percentage of people who endure a specific disorder at any time in their lives.
Most common types of psychological disorders in North America
- Substance use disorder (alcohol and drugs)
- Anxiety disorder
- Depression
Anxiety Disorder
Are a class of disorder marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety.
Includes:
1. Generalized anxiety disorder
2. Specific phobias
3. Panic disorder
4. Agoraphobia
5. Selective mutism
6. Social anxiety disorder
7. Separation anxiety disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Is marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tired to any specific threat.
Also called: free floating anxiety because it is nonspecific
Specific Phobia
Involves a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger.
Panic Disorder
Is characterized by recurrent attackers of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly.
Agoraphobia
Fear of going out in public spaces.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Is marked by persistent, uncontrolled intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsion).
Concordance Rate
Indicated the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder.
Dissociative Disorder
Are a class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their conscious or memory resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity.
Includes:
Dissociative amnesia, dissociative identiy disorder and depersonalization/derealization disorder.
Dissociative Amnesia
Is a sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Previous name: multiple personality disorder
Involves a disruption of identiy marked by the experience of 2 or more largely complete and usually very different personalities.
Major Depressive Disorder
People who show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous source of pleasure.
Negative emotions form the heart of this depressive syndrome.
Central figure of depression: anhedonia
Anhedonia
A diminished ability to experience pleasure.
Depressed people lack the energy or motivation to tackle the tasks of living to the point that they often have trouble getting out of bed.
Bipolar I Disorder
Formerly known as manic depressive disorder
Is characterized by the experience of one or more manic episodes as well as period of depression.
Bipolar II Disorder
Indivudal s suffer from episodes of major depression along with hypo mania in which their change in mood and behavior is less severe than those seen in full mania.
Cylothymic Disorder
Exhibit chronic mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
A type of depression that follow seasonal patterns.
