Unit 6- Human Body

Question 1

Difference between anatomy and physiology

Answer 1

anatomy-> study of body parts and structure
physiology-> study of how these parts function

Question 2

What are the levels of organization?

Answer 2

Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism

Question 3

What is homeostasis?

Answer 3

the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment

Question 4

What is a negative feedback loop?

Answer 4

it counteracts a change, bringing the value of a parameter—such as temperature or blood sugar—back towards it set point

Question 5

What is a positive feedback loop?

Answer 5

occurs to increase the change or output (ex. blood clotting and childbirth)

Question 6

What are the main functions of the digestive system?

Answer 6

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

Question 7

Path of food in digestive system

Answer 7

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 8

What is the pancreas’ role in digestion?

Answer 8

producing enzymes that break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, along with hormones that regulate blood sugar and appetite

Question 9

What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

Answer 9

increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 10

What do the salivary glands do?

Answer 10

they produce saliva, which contains enzymes that begin breaking down food

Question 11

What are the chemical components broken down in digestion?

Answer 11

Lipids (fats), carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins

Question 12

What organs are involved in excretion?

Answer 12

skin, liver, lungs, kidneys

Question 13

What are the steps of urine formation in the kidney?

Answer 13

Filtration->Reabsorption->Secretion->Elimination

Question 14

What is the pathway of urine?

Answer 14

Kidneys-> Ureters-> Urinary bladder-> urethra

Question 15

What are the main functions of the nervous system?

Answer 15

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 16

What’s the difference between the CNS and PNS?

Answer 16

CNS= brain and spinal cord
PNS= all other nerves

Question 17

What is the structure of a neuron?

Answer 17

dendrite-> Cell body -> axon -> axon terminal ->

Question 18

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 18

Chemicals that send signals between neurons

Question 19

What are the 2 main parts of the nervous system?

Answer 19

Brain and spinal cord (CNS) and nerves (PNS)

Question 20

What are the divisions of the PNS?

Answer 20

Somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary)

Question 21

What are the parts of the circulatory system?

Answer 21

Heart, blood, and blood vessels

Question 22

What are the heart chambers and major vessels?

Answer 22

4 chambers: right/left atrium, right/left ventricle.
vessels: aorta, vena cava, pulmonary arteries/veins

Question 23

What is blood made of?

Answer 23

red blood, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

Question 24

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 24

Blood flow between heart and lungs

Question 25

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 25

Blood flow between heart and body

Question 26

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

Answer 26

Arteries (away from heart) Veins (to heart) Capillaries (tiny exchange vessels)

Question 27

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 27

Bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Question 28

What organs are part of the respiratory system?

Answer 28

Mouth/nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 29

What is gas exchange?

Answer 29

Oxygen and carbon dioxide swap between alveoli and capillaries

Question 30

What muscle helps with breathing?

Answer 30

the diaphragm

Question 31

How does air move in and out of the body?

Answer 31

Inhalation and exhalation caused by diaphragm movement

Question 32

What are the 4 main types of tissues in the human body?

Answer 32

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Question 33

Give one example of epithelial tissue and its function

Answer 33

skin- protects the body and covers surfaces

Question 34

Give one example of connective tissue and its function

Answer 34

Blood- transports oxygen, nutrients, wastes

Question 35

What is the function of the esophagus?

Answer 35

It moves food from the mouthh to the stomach using peristalsis

Question 36

What does the stomach do?

Answer 36

It breaks down food using acids and enzymes

Question 37

What happens in the large intestine?

Answer 37

Water is absorbed and waste is formed into feces

Question 38

What are enzymes and what do they do in digestion?

Answer 38

they are proteins that speed up chemical reactions to break down food

Question 39

What is the main job of the kidneys?

Answer 39

filter blood and form urine

Question 40

What is urea and where does it come from?

Answer 40

urea is a waste product made from breaking down proteins; the liver produces it

Question 41

What is the role of the bladder?

Answer 41

stores urine until it is released from the body

Question 42

What are the 3 parts of a neuron?

Answer 42

dendrites, cell body, axon

Question 43

What do sensory neurons do?

Answer 43

carry signals from sense organs to the brain/spinal cord

Question 44

What do motor neurons do?

Answer 44

carry signals from the brain/spinal cord to muscles

Question 45

What are the 2 main divisions of the PNS?

Answer 45

somatic (voluntary control) and autonomic (involuntary control)

Question 46

Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs

Answer 46

the right side

Question 47

Which side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body?

Answer 47

the left side

Question 49

What is the function of the ventricles?

Answer 49

pump blood out of the heart

Question 50

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 50

windpipe that connects the throat to the lungs

Question 51

What are bronchi and bronchioles?

Answer 51

Tubes that branch off from the trachea and carry air into the lungs

Question 52

What are alveoli?

Answer 52

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs in the lungs

Question 53

How does oxygen get into the blood?

Answer 53

passes from alveoli into capillaries through diffusion