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Flashcards in Unit 6 Test Deck (27)
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1
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process by which plants use the suns energy to turn carbon dioxide into sugar

2
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

Mass cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change form

3
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy

4
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy in motion

5
Q

Visible light

A

Wavelengths you can see

6
Q

Ultraviolet light

A

Wavelength that penetrates living tissue

7
Q

Infrared

A

Heat energy

8
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Photosynthetic bacteria

9
Q

Light independent reactions

A

Reaction that does not need sunlight

10
Q

Light dependent reactions

A

Reaction only occurs when sunlight is available

11
Q

Stomata

A

Tiny pores in the leaves

12
Q

G3P

A

Carbon sugar

13
Q

Rubisco

A

Enzyme that attaches carbon dioxide to a 5-carbon molecule RUBP

14
Q

Dehydration

A

Water loss in the stomata

15
Q

Photorespiration

A

Oxygen is added to the Calvin cycle instead of carbon dioxide

16
Q

Amyloplasts

A

Specialized storage organelles that produce and store starch

17
Q

For a long time, the conventional wisdom was that plants gained most of their mass by “eating” or absorbing nutrients from soil. In reality, where does most of their mass come from?

A

Water from soil and carbon from the air— Von Helmont did the “willowtree experiment” to prove this

18
Q

What is the kinetic energy that plants utilize in photosynthesis? What form of potential energy are they producing?

A

Conversion of sunlight into glucose; Glucose

19
Q

What specific wavelengths of energy are utilized in photosynthesis?

A

Infrared

20
Q

Write out the complete reaction for photosynthesis. Which reactant molecules provide the atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen needed to synthesize glucose?

A

Carbon dioxide and H2O are used to make sugar which can then be used to produce starts or cellulose—know it in non word form also

21
Q

Why is the enzyme RuBisCO called “bridge to life”? What exactly does it do?

A

Carbon dioxide is considered a lifeless molecule and it attaches to a different molecule

22
Q

Which pigments of visible light do plants absorb and use for photosynthesis? Which are reflected?

A

All but green; green

23
Q

What conditions lead to photorespiration? Why is it considered a wasteful process for plants?

A

The stomata is closed and no sugar is produced

24
Q

Compare how C4 and CAM plants are adapted to minimize the costs of photorespiration. Give one example of each.

A

C4- move the carbon fixation process to the mesophyll. Example- corn

CAM- only open their stomata at night. Example- cactus

25
Q

What is the Calvin cycle

A

It uses ATP and NADPH to produce high-energy sugars. The Calvin cycle takes place in the Stroma of chloroplasts and does not require light

26
Q

What are the four steps of the Calvin cycle

A
  1. Six carbon dioxide molecules enter the cycle from the atmosphere. Those six carbon dioxide molecules combined with six 5-carbon molecules. The result is twelve 3-carbon molecules.
  2. Energy input. Energy from ATP and high-energy electrons from NADPH are used to convert the twelve 3-carbon molecules into higher energy forms
  3. 6-carbon sugar produced. Two 3-carbon molecules are removed from the cycle to produce sugars, lipids, amino acids, and other compounds
  4. The 10 remaining three carbon molecules are converted back into six 5-carbon molecules, which are used in the next cycle
27
Q

Photoautotroph

A

Self, light, nutrients