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unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

causes of populist revolt

A

farmers blamed railroads - monopoly power that charged unfair rates
supply and demand dropped prices of crops
farmers had to borrow money to build homes and etilized land, post civil war, inflation occured and farmers had to pay double what they borrowed

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2
Q

birth of populist party

A

farmers saw self as victim of of an unjust system that penalized them with low crop prices

demanded govt control over the railroads and the free coinage of silver

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3
Q

election of 1896

A

mckinley won
collapse of populist party

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4
Q

PROGRESSIVISM

A

widespread effort to build a more democratic and just society
1900 - entry to world war 1 in 1917

wanted govt to play active rike in public life

believed informed citizens could create a just society that would reduce poverty, regulate coporation, and elect honest leafers

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5
Q

muckrakers

A

investigative reports expressed the new spirit of Progressive reform by uncovering social wrongs (hired writers to expose corrupt practiced in buisness and politics)

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6
Q

“The New Women”

A

as progressive era began, middle class, new women extended their roles as guardians of home to inclde activisgs who fought to improve communities

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7
Q

settlement house movement

A

ex. jane addams in chicago- gave women ab opputunity to develop leadershup skills and buld satisfying careers devoted to service and professional accomplishment

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8
Q

the temperance movement

A

women played leading role
in 1918, congress passed 18th ammendment outlawing the manufactue, sale, and transporation of intoxicating liquors

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9
Q

woman’s suffrage

A

led by carrie catt and alice paul women organized rallies, signed petitions, and demonstrated public marches - june 1919 congress passed 14th amendment - no citizen could be denied right to vote on account of sex

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10
Q

theodore Roosevelt come to presidency

A

McKinley died
theo Roosevelt was major voice of progressive movement TR pushed for govt involvement in nations problems

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11
Q

anthracite coal strike

A

members of United mine workers struck coal mines TR invited managment and labor to WH, when owners wouldnt negotiate TR threatened army to seize mines, accepted it

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12
Q

TR and environment conservation

A

exploitation of americas wilderness enraged TR. worked with conservationists - govt tripled amount of acres in forest preserves

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13
Q

Hetch Hetchy Controversy

A

preservationalists versus conservationalists

C= ideal sport for dam to supply water

P= viewed valley as ideal spot for

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14
Q

triple wall of privlege

A

once in office launched vigorous legislative offensive against what he called

persuaded congress to lower tariffs by 8 percent

next reform banking system. federal reserve act of 1913 established system of district banks coordinated by federal serve board appointed by president

finally focused on trusts - clayton anti trust act of 1914 prohibited price discrimination

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15
Q

quest for new market and materials

A

american buisness leaders worried that they were producing more productsthan americans could buy - looked to latin america, asia, and the pacififc for new markets

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16
Q

ALfred Mahan

A

wrote the unfluence of sea power upon history-
argued US must build a powerful ocesngoing navy

and auire strategiclayy located colonies to provide coaling station and repair facilities for military

caused views on importance of sea power to become the cornerstone for amrican though

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17
Q

social darwinist’s

A

blieivied survial of fittest could be applied to nations - US had to play more aggressive role to catch up to european rivals

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18
Q

compare manifest destiny and imperialism

A

both led to tettorial expansion and aquisition of natural resources and new markets

both led to military conflicts - war with mexico led to new mexico terriotry
war with spain led to aquisition of puerto rico, guam, and the phillipenes

spanish ear embraced notion of a white mans burden to justify imperialism rather than civilize nativesd

densley pipulated land inhabited with different ethnic backgrounds vs. sparley populated territory settlment

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19
Q

spanish american war cause and during

A

in january 1898, the USS maine arribe in havana harbor - three weeks later the ship was exploded and it sunk killing over 260 sailors, ppl blamed spain

small war barley affected America

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20
Q

spanish american war effect

A

marked end of Spain once vast New World Empire

war marked US emergence as world power

treaty of paris ceded puerto rico and guam to the united stated and and the Philippine islands - first overseas territory

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21
Q

philippine insurrection

A

despite eivdence that fillipions wanted indeoendence mckinely didnt belive they were ready,
called wwar for independence by filipionos - America’s overwhelming military power crushed rebels
in 1916 congress pased jones act grantng independence

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22
Q

Panama canal

A

led by TR, expansionists wanted to constuct a canal through Central America
congress approved through panama
after panama declared independence from columbia panama canal gave US commaning positon in westen hemisphere

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23
Q

roosevelt corololary

A

policry claimed the right to act as an international police power that could unilaterally intervene in Cantral American

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24
Q

Road to WW1

A

when world war 1 was beginning, event in europe stunned president wilson - he announced united states was neutral

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25
caused of declaration of war
in mary 1915, german submarine sank the lusitania, a british passenger liner, 128 americans died germans pledged not to launch further attacks and US threatened war then in 1917 Germany would said would resume unrestircked submarine warfare thought they could defeat france and great britian befroe american could truly get in war also, germany tried to turn mexico away in zimmerman telegraph made war against germany
26
comitte of public information
used films posters and speaker to convince fighting war was righteous for freedom and democracy espionage and sedition acts-outlaw criticism of government leaders and war policies- violation of civil liberties
27
Schenck v. United States
urged young man to resist draft by widespread leaflet prinintg govt charged him with violatinf espionage and sedition acts by obstructing military recruiting said first ammendment guarentee of free speech protected him
28
the Great Migration
WW1 created labor shortage by moving 4 million men from nation's farms and factories to the armed services wartime demand for industrial workers caused over 400,000 southern blacks to migrate to northern cities - mass movement opened new oppurtunities for northern cities but also creatd racial tensions
29
triumph of WW1
US raised army of 4 million 1916 troopships carried 100,000 soldiers across atlantic american expeditionary forces arrived in time to help block the last Germans offensive faced with allies overwhelming strength, germans acceped the allied peace offer ended november 1918
30
Disillusionment at versailles
peace conference opened outside at Versailles Wilson came to implement 14 points to havelastibf peace (league of nations most important point) These were made hoping to ensure lasting peace but Wilson European power politics sucks Treaty contained covenant of league of nations but forced German to take full blame for war and and pay reparations
31
defeat in the senate
wilson faced a difficult fight to win Senate approval for treaty of versailles treaty never approved treaty of versailles and the US never joined LEauge of NAtions
32
red scare context
1917: bolshevinks led by lenin in russia created communist dictatorship - alarmed americans who believed communist sympathizers and other radicals were secretley planning to undermidn the US postwar recssion unsetlled too
33
Post WW1 recession
trigerred thousands of strikes started outbreak of anarchist violence - mail bombs, bombs in cities, damaged attornery mitchll palmer home
34
The Palmer Raids
forced palmer to act launched a massive roundup of aliens and alleged communists department of justice arrested 5,000 suspects - violated civil liberties end of red scare
35
impact of automobile on mass production
first luxary toy for rich, ford vowed to make for all ford did this with assembly line production reduced time to make cars this created new economy based on mass production made stuff more affordable
36
impact of automobile on daily life
symbol of new industry transofrming american life made interconnected cities and suburbs
37
roaring twenties advancments
radio movie stars flappers lost generation writers- criticized generation and moved to paris
38
harlem renaissance
in 1920s harlam emerged as vibrant centerof african american culture - new generation of black writers and artisits created library and artistic works - harlem rennaissance
39
marcus garvey
leader of the UNIA, urged blacks to return to Africa because, he reasoned, blacks would never be treated justly in countries ruled by whites
40
sacco and vanzetti case
anarchists arrested for payroll robbery and murder lack of evidence convinced maany they were victims of prejudice and recnt immigrants public fear of recent immigrants
41
scopes trial
was an American legal case in jan 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 =, but the verdict was overturned on a technicality.
42
rise and fall of KKK
attitude of distrust and intolerane from WW1 fueled revival of KKK directed hostility torwards immigatants, catholics, jews, african americans passage of national orgincs act removed the klan's most popular issue - divided by recurring leadership quarrels
43
causes of great depression - stock market
in sep of 1929 industrial stocks reached 452 except on october 1929 wall street crash
44
causes of great depression - overproduction and underconsumption
in 1929 american factories produced half worlds industrial goods wealth unevenly distributed US economy was experiencing overproduction by business and underconsumption by consumers as inventories ofunsold goods piled up stored reduced orders and layed off workers
45
the dust bowl
1930 severe drought hit great plains created great clouds of dust agriculture ceased
46
hoover philosiphy of government in great depression
though americans economy was fundamentally sound and thought crisis would be over in 60 days despite rising unemployment and failing industrial production, Hoover rejected calls for federal action
47
reconstruction finance corporation
in 1932, congress created RFC to make emergency loans to disstressed banks and buisinesses RFC helped limit # of bankrupcies
48
the bonus army
20,000 world war 1 vets in 1932 went to congress lobbby to pass vill providinf immidete payment of promised bonuses from ww1 supported by hoover, senate rejected bill- and H ordered the army to be forcibly removed - treatment of vets made his dislikeness worse
49
election of 1932
FDR WON
50
FDR help with banking crisis, 100 days
congress passed emergency banking relief act which allowed reopening of nations largest and strongest banks while smaller banks received loans and then later opened under strict treasury supervision addressed nation by radio and explained steps congress had taken and reassure public trust in banks marked 100 days - congress approved 15 major pieces of social and economic legislation b group of presidential advisorys
51
FDR helps uneployed, relief measures
Civilian Conservation Crops (CCC) - job programs for unemplyed young men Public workers administrations PWA financed 34,000 construction projects at a cost of more than 6 billion restored sense of national purpose
52
FDR recovery measures
Agricultural adjusment act AAA proposed to increase farm incomeby paying farmers to leave acres unplanted National Recovery Act NRA encouraged nations buisnesses to draw up codes defining minimum prices, wages, and workers' hours tenesee valley authority authorized construction of system of dams and hydroelectric plans to provive in expensive electricity and flood control for residents of the impoverished tenessee valley - helped stiumulate growth in underdeveloped regions
53
social security act in second new deal
established a pension for retired people over the age of 65 - a small payroll tax paid by workers and employers financed fundn
54
national labor relations act
2nd new deal protected rights of workers to join unions and bargain collectivley with managment
55
Schechter V. United States
court struck down National industrial recovery Act bc gave federal government powers of economiv regulation that couldnt be justified under interstate comerce clause
56
new deal and role of federal government
accelerated process of expanding the role of the federal government they assumed rsponsibility for ensuring health if naions economy power of presidency also expanded - president vecame center power of federal govt with FDR
57
washington naval conference 1921`
japan, great Britain, and other representatives from european nations to washington to discuss asian problems powers agreed to limit battleship and aircraft carrier production
58
the dawes plan
A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S.
59
neutrality acts
btwn 1935 and 1937, congress passed series of neutrality acts banning loans and sale of weapons to nations in war to prevent repeat of mistakes that pushed US in first world war
60
lend lease act
churchill told FDR runnin out of sipplies and money to germany allowed him to send war materials to any country whose defense he considered vital to US "vital to the defense of the United States."
61
pearl harbor
japan became member of axis powers with germany and italy longstanding rivalry btwn Japan for pacific supremacy and US further escalated when FDR ordered otal embargo on trade with japan in nov 19141, The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941 (December 8 in Japan). The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II.
62
executive order of 9066
FDR authorized military to evacuate all people of japanese ancestory from west coast
63
korematsu v. united states
1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 to each survivor.
64
victory in europe - get germany firstq
FDR realized hitler posted more threat fdr and churchill agreed of defeatinf hitler first
65
big three diplomacy
A meeting between FDR, Churchill and Stalin had meeting that the US and Great Britiain wold open a second front by invading france Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France. More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft supported the D-Day invasion, and by day's end on June 6, the Allies gained a foot- hold in Normandy. yalta 1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war
66
woman in ww2
350,000 women served in uniform volunterring for womens army corps and navy nurses btwn 140-45 6 million additional women eorkers joined labor forced rosie the riveter
67
manhattan project
Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States when FDR died truman informed truman choose to use nuclear weeapons 2 atomic bombs destroyed Jisroshima and Nagasaki the forman japanese sureender took play in september 1945

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