Unit 8

Question 1

what is anaphylaxis. caused by?

Answer 1

severe, life threatening allergic reaction causing airway inflammation. can be caused by insects, environment, food, medicines, etc.

Question 2

what are the signs and treatments of anaphylaxis

Answer 2

stridor, accessory muscle use, facial swelling, and anxiety. ask if they have/use epipen and call 911. be ready for CPR.

Question 3

what is kidney dialysis

Answer 3

passing patient blood through dialyzer to cleanse it, done when kidneys are not function properly which may cause acute abdominal pain.

Question 4

what are complications a kidney dialysis

Answer 4

blood pressure irregularities, electrolyte imbalance due to (insert answer), must not take BP on arm with shunt.

Question 5

what is an aortic aneurysm

Answer 5

sudden pain/ballooning of descending aorta that might cause rupture. can be surgically repaired.

Question 6

what are signs of aortic aneurysm. how do you treat it.

Answer 6

pain, nausea, vomiting, referred pain. treated by calling 911

Question 7

what is an acute abdomen

Answer 7

severe and sudden pain that could be caused by digestive, urinary, or reproductive systems. treated through palpating the abdominal quadrants and calling 911. M

Question 8

what is hyperglycemia, what are the symptoms?

Answer 8

lack of insulin when patient took enough, or patient took insulin and ate more than usual. this is slower onset, and causes excessive urination, sweet breath, dry mouth, thirst, and blurred vision.

Question 9

how is hyperglycemia treated

Answer 9

asking if patient is diabetic, give sugar, call 911.

Question 10

what is hypoglycemia, what are the symptoms

Answer 10

high blood sugar caused by taking insulin and skipping a meal, or taking too much insulin. signs are rapid onset- paleness, lethargy, unconsciousness, dizziness, confusion, hunger, irritable, diaphoresis.

Question 11

what is the treatment of hypoglycemia

Answer 11

ask if diabetic and when they last ate, give sugar, call 911 and monitor

Question 12

what is diabetes

Answer 12

inability to regulate glucose levels due to decrease in insulin production

Question 13

what is asthma. what are the causes and signs

Answer 13

inflammation of airway and increase in mucus production. caused by many things, most commonly the environment, animals, food, allergies, exercise, infections, cold air, and stress. signs are use of accessory muscles when breathing, wheezing, anxiety, lethargy

Question 14

how to treat asthma attach

Answer 14

use inhaler, call 911

Question 15

what is pneumonia. signs, treatments

Answer 15

bacterial or viral lung infection. results in fluid in/around alveoli which prevents gas exchange. symptoms are SOB, hypoxia. treatment is call 911 and give oxygen

Question 16

what is COPD. signs, treatment

Answer 16

emphysema and chronic bronchitis. emphysema is the destruction of alveolar walls and bronchitis is inflammation of bronchioles. symptoms are SOB and lack of breath sounds, treatment is call 911 and use a rescue inhaler, give oxygen

Question 17

what is congestive heart failure treatment

Answer 17

call 911, sit patient upright, provide high flow oxygen, give diuretic

Question 18

what is congestive heart failure

Answer 18

heart fails to meet demand of body. in left side, LV doesnt squeeze effectively so fluid backs up in the lungs. decreases ability to do gas exchange. in right side, fluid backs up into the body.

Question 19

symptoms of right and left sided heart failure

Answer 19

right- edema (accumulation of fluid), jugular vein distension, swelling in extremities. left- dyspnea, hypoxia, fluid in lungs, edema, congestion in the lungs

Question 20

what is myocardial infarction. signs, treatment

Answer 20

blockage of coronary artery. symptoms are chest pain, diaphoretic, pale, SOB. treated by calling 911, keep patient still, use nitroglycerin or low dose of aspirin, give oxygen.

Question 21

what is angina pectoris

Answer 21

insufficient blood flow to heart muscle from narrowing of coronary arteries. (chest pain on exertion). signs are like an MI but they subside when resting. treated with nitroglycerin and calling 911 and keeping patient still

Question 22

how do you treat a stroke

Answer 22

with BEFAST and asking when symptoms started. if more than 3 hours ago, stroke medication can not be given.

Question 23

what is an ischemic stroke versus a hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 23

ischemic clot in cerebral artery, hemorrhagic is an artery rupturing and bleeding.

Question 24

what do strokes do. what are symptoms

Answer 24

decrease oxygen flow to the brain. a risk factor is having hypertension. symptoms are vision changes, speech difficulty, weakness/numbness, sudden headache

Question 25

what is a seizure. what kinds, what causes.

Answer 25

uncontrolled electrical impulses in the brain. complete is entire brain, lasting minutes with no patient awareness. partial is single region, lasting seconds and presenting as a stare or tic. caused by epilepsy, head injury, fever in babies, overdose, diabetic emergency, lack of oxygen to brain

Question 26

treatment for seizure

Answer 26

call 911 unless seizure disorder is known. during the event do not attempt to restrain the patient. place something under their head and remove objects around them. after event, place them in recovery position and use oxygen/suction

Question 27

what is an altered mental status

Answer 27

alert but confused, lethargic, personality changes