Unit 8 AP Biology Review (Ecology)

Question 1

Focuses on the interactions between animals and their environments

Answer 1

Behavioral Ecology

Question 2

Focused particularly on animal behavior and less on ecological analysis

Answer 2

Ethology

Question 3

Process by which animals take one stimulus and associates it with another

Answer 3

Associative learning

Question 4

An innate programmed response to stimuli

Answer 4

Fixed-action pattern

Question 5

The loss of responsiveness to unimportant stimuli

Answer 5

Habituation

Question 6

An innate behavior that is learned during a critical period early in life

Answer 6

Imprinting

Question 7

True or False: Once imprinting is made, it is irreversible

Answer 7

True

Question 8

The ability to do something right the first time with no prior experience

Answer 8

Insight learning

Question 9

The ability of an organism to learn how to do something by watching another individual do it first, even if they have never attempted it themselves

Answer 9

Observational learning

Question 10

A type of associative learning that is based on trial and error

Answer 10

Operant conditioning

Question 11

True or False: The association in operant conditioning is made between the animals own behavior and a response

Answer 11

True

Question 12

A seemingly random change in the speed of a movement in response to a stimulus, causing the organism to spending more time in favorable environments

Answer 12

Kinesis

Question 13

A cyclic movement of animals over long distances according to the time of year

Answer 13

Migration

Question 14

A reflex movement toward or away from a stimulus

Answer 14

Taxis

Question 15

Behavior that results from conflicts over resources. It often involves intimidation and submission. Are just displays

Answer 15

Agnostic behavior

Question 16

An organism does something to help another, even at its own expense

Answer 16

Altruistic behavior

Question 17

The average proportion of genes that two individuals have in common

Answer 17

Coefficient of relatedness

Question 18

A ranking of power among the members

Answer 18

Dominance hierarchies

Question 19

The feeding behavior of an individual

Answer 19

Foraging

Question 20

Directs organisms toward their potential meal. Looking for a particular size that seem to match the size of what they usually eat

Answer 20

Search image

Question 21

Overall ability of individuals to pass their genes on to the next generation

Answer 21

Inclusive fitness

Question 22

Foraging strategies that take into account costs and benefits

Answer 22

Optimal foraging

Question 23

The hope that in the future, the companion will return the favor. Animals rarely display this behavior

Answer 23

Reciprocal altruism

Question 24

Defend a physical geographic area against other individuals due to the benefits derived from it

Answer 24

Territoriality

Question 25

Chemical signals called pheromones play a pivotal role in the mating game

Answer 25

Chemical communication

Question 26

An agonistic display is an example of this

Answer 26

Visual communication

Question 27

The use of sound in the conveying of a message

Answer 27

Auditory communication

Question 28

Involves touch in conveying of a message and is often used as a greeting

Answer 28

Tactile communication

Question 29

The study of the interaction of organisms and their environments

Answer 29

Ecology

Question 30

A collection of individuals of the same species living in the same geographical area

Answer 30

Population

Question 31

A collection of populations of species in a geographic area

Answer 31

Community

Question 32

The individuals of the community and the environment in which it exists

Answer 32

Ecosystem

Question 33

Living organisms of the ecosystem

Answer 33

Biotic components

Question 34

Nonliving organisms of the ecosystem

Answer 34

Abiotic components

Question 35

The entire life containing area of a planet- all communities and ecosystems

Answer 35

Biosphere

Question 36

All the biotic and abiotic resources used by the organism

Answer 36

Niche

Question 37

How many individuals are in a certain area

Answer 37

Population Density

Question 38

How populations are dispersed over that area

Answer 38

Distribution

Question 39

Packs that are spaced out from each other

Answer 39

Clumped

Question 40

Individuals are evenly spaced out

Answer 40

Uniform

Question 41

The species are randomly distributed across a geographic area

Answer 41

Random

Question 42

The study of the size, distribution, and density of populations and how these populations change with time

Answer 42

Population ecology

Question 43

Maximum growth rate of a population given unlimited resources, unlimited space, and lack of competition or predators

Answer 43

Biotic Potential

Question 44

The maximum number of individuals that a population can sustain in a given environment

Answer 44

Carrying capacity

Question 45

Limiting factors that influence population growth based on the density (number of individuals per unit area) of the population.

Answer 45

Density-dependent Factors

Question 46

The population grows at a rate that creates a J shaped curve. The population grows as if there are no limitations as to how large it can get

Answer 46

Exponential growth