Unit 8 Nervous System Examination Review

Question 1

List three primary functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

Sensory Input, Integration, and Motor Output

Question 2

List the two main divisions of the nervous system

Answer 2

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

Question 3

Brain and Spinal Cord

Answer 3

Central Nervous System

Question 4

Nerves outside the Central Nervous System

Answer 4

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 5

List the two subdivisions of the Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 5

Somatic and Autonomic Division

Question 6

Allows conscious/voluntary control of the skeletal muscles
Includes reflexes

Answer 6

Somatic Division

Question 7

Regulates events that are automatic or involuntary

Answer 7

Autonomic Division

Question 8

What are the two subdivisions of the Autonomic system?

Answer 8

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 9

Prepares the body for action and stress

Answer 9

Sympathetic

Question 10

Calms the body and helps the body in ‘Rest and Digest’

Answer 10

Parasympathetic

Question 11

List the two cell types found in the nervous tissue

Answer 11

Neuroglia and Neurons

Question 12

Insulates, Supports, Provides nutrients, and protects delicate nerons. Also known as supporting cells

Answer 12

Neuroglia

Question 13

Nerve cells that transmit impulses

Answer 13

Neurons

Question 14

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 14

Sensory Neurons, Interneurons, and Motor Neurons

Question 15

Carry impulses from receptors to the CNS

Answer 15

Sensory Neurons

Question 16

Connect Sensory and Motor Neurons in the CNS

Answer 16

Interneurons

Question 17

Carry impulses from the CNS to a muscle or a gland

Answer 17

Motor Neurons

Question 18

Two functional properties of a neuron

Answer 18

Irritability and Conductivity

Question 19

Ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into a nerve impulse

Answer 19

Irritability

Question 20

Ability to transmit the impulse to other neurons, muscles, or glands

Answer 20

Conductivity

Question 21

Fibers that receive and convey messages to the cell body

Answer 21

Dendrite

Question 22

Fibers that conduct impulses away from the cell body

Answer 22

Axon

Question 23

Insulates fingers and increases the rate of transmission of the nerve impulse

Answer 23

Myelin Sheath

Question 24

Cells that wrap themselves around the nerves outside the CNS

Answer 24

Schwann Cells

Question 25

Gaps between Schwann cells, allowing impulse to jump from node to node, increasing transmission speed

Answer 25

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 26

Branching fibers at the end of the axon; contain vesicles filled with chemicals called neurotransmitters

Answer 26

Axon terminal

Question 27

Stimulates the release of neurotransmitters

Answer 27

When Action Potential reaches the Axon Terminal

Question 28

Action potential along the Axon is electrical and Transmission of the impulse across the synapse is chemical

Answer 28

How is a nerve impulse electrochemical

Question 29

Rapid, predictable, involuntary responses to stimuli

Answer 29

Reflexes

Question 30

Occur over pathways called

Answer 30

Reflex Arcs

Question 31

Signal goes to ______ ____ and immediate response is sent, protecting the body

Answer 31

spinal cord

Question 32

List five parts of a reflex arc: 1. ________ - Responds to Stimuli 2. _______ (________) Neuron 3. ___________ Center- Spinal Cord 4. _____ (________) Neuron 5. ________- Muscle or Gland Stimulated

Answer 32

Receptor Sensory (Afferent) Integration Motor (Efferent) Effector

Question 33

What are the 2 types of tissue in the brain?

Answer 33

White and Gray Matter

Question 34

Transmits signals between different brain regions

Answer 34

White Matter

Question 35

Unmyelinated cell bodies, process information

Answer 35

Gray Matter

Question 36

List four major regions of the brain and which is the largest?

Answer 36

1. Cerebrum (largest) 2. Diencephalon 3. Brain Steam 4. Cerebellum

Question 37

Largest fiber tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 37

Corpus Callosum

Question 38

Outermost layer of the cerebrum that is composed of gray Matter. Responsible for thinking and processing information from the five senses

Answer 38

Cerebral Cortex

Question 39

Motor function, solving, memory, language, judgement, and socially acceptable behavior

Answer 39

Frontal Lobe

Question 40

Process sensory information such as touch, temperature, and taste

Answer 40

Parietal Lobe

Question 41

Auditory processing and olfactory area deep inside

Answer 41

Temporal Lobe

Question 42

Visual processing center

Answer 42

Occipital Lobe

Question 43

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

Answer 43

Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata

Question 44

Reflex center for vision and hearing, eye movements

Answer 44

Midbrain

Question 45

Coordinates information between brain areas, involved in breathing

Answer 45

Pons

Question 46

Blood Pressure, Breathing, and Heart Rate

Answer 46

Medulla Oblongata

Question 47

Percise timing for muscle activity, balance & equilibrium, and makes body movements & coordinated

Answer 47

Cerebellum

Question 48

List the 4 structures or systems that protect the nervous system: 1. Bones- _____ and _________ 2. ________ - Connective tissue membranes 3. _____________ _____ - Provides a watery cushion for the brain and spinal cord 4. _____-_____ Barrier- Neurons are protected from blood-borne substances by the least permeable capillaries in the body

Answer 48

Skull and Vertebrae Meninges Cerebrospinal Fluid Blood-Brain

Question 49

Continuous with the brain stem Connects the brain to nerves Enclose with vertebrae Extends from the foramen magnum to L1 or L2 Provides a 2-way path to and from the brain Major reflex center

Answer 49

Spinal Cord

Question 50

12 Serve primarily the head and neck

Answer 50

Cranial Nerves

Question 51

31 Exit from the vertebral column, intercostal nerves exit from T1 to T12

Answer 51

Spinal Nerves

Question 52

Motor Subdivision of the PNS that automatically controls body activities Maintains Homeostasis Includes neurons that control: Cardiac Muscle, Smooth Muscle, and Glands

Answer 52

Autonomic system

Question 53

Mobilizes the body during extreme situations

Answer 53

Sympathetic

Question 54

Allows us to unwind and conserve energy

Answer 54

Parasympathetic

Question 55

Do the parasympathetic and sympathetic system serve the same organs?

Answer 55

Yes

Question 56

Enables the body to cope rapidly and vigorously with situations that may disrupt homeostasis

Answer 56

Fight-or-Flight Response

Question 57

When does the Fight-or-Flight Response work best?

Answer 57

When a threat is clear, well-defined, and measurable