Unit VII Enlightenment

Question 1

Copernicus

Answer 1

heliocentric theory

“on the revolutions of heavenly spheres”

Question 2

Brahe

Answer 2

recorded movements of all the known planets

Question 3

kepler

Answer 3

formed three laws of planetary motion

carried on Brahe’s data

Question 4

Newton

Answer 4

created laws of gravity

“Principia”

Question 5

Bacon

Answer 5

inductive method

Question 6

Descartes

Answer 6

deductive method

analytic geometry

Question 7

vesalius

Answer 7

the structure of the human body

Question 8

harvey

Answer 8

circulatory system

Question 9

Pascal

Answer 9

reason and faith

computation adding machine

Question 10

Hevelius and Winkelmann

Answer 10

women who studied astronomy

Question 11

Cavendish

Answer 11

wrote a criticism against the royal science community.

Question 12

Chatelet

Answer 12

aided Voltaire

translated Newton’s Principia

Question 13

The seventeenth century’s most original political philosopher, Thomas Hobbes, believed in which form of government?

Answer 13

absolutism

Question 14

The new emphasis on mechanism meant that

Answer 14

Europeans viewed nature in more utilitarian terms

Question 15

The essential foundation of the witch hunts was

Answer 15

a belief in magical power.

Question 16

In the scientific revolution

Answer 16

individuals increased their understanding of the natural world.

Question 17

Was Nicolaus Copernicus a radical?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

Galileo Galilei funded his experiments through

Answer 18

patrons

Question 19

Descartes put his ultimate faith in

Answer 19

God, who he believed served as a guarantor of human reason

Question 20

Descartes believes the first priority of scientists should be to

Answer 20

Preserve and improve human health

Question 21

What was Pascal’s basic attitude toward science and rationalism?

Answer 21

They were overrated

Question 22

The new scientists tried to explain the world in terms of

Answer 22

mechanical metaphors