untitled deck

Question 1

Strontium ranelate

Answer 1

‘Dual action bone agent’ - increases deposition of new bone by osteoblasts and reduces the resorption of bone by osteoclasts

Question 2

Osteomalacia

Answer 2

Low calcium and phosphate, High ALP

Question 3

Ventricles draining order

Answer 3

Lateral ventricles -> interventricular foramen -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> fourth ventricle -> central canal

Question 4

ear parts

Answer 4

Ear: helix / tragus / concha / lobule

Question 5

Median umbilical ligament

Answer 5

• remnant of the urachus (obliterated allantois)

Question 6

Bone formation:

Answer 6

Chondrification (differentiation of mesenchyme into chondrocytes) and endochondral ossification

Question 7

Constrictions of oesophagus:

Answer 7

Aortic arch
Bronchus
Cricopharyngeus muscle
Diaphragm hiatus

Question 8

Thigh nerve supply:

Answer 8

Anterior compartment- femoral n
Posterior compartment - sciatic n
Medial compartment - obturator n

Question 9

Urogenital system

Answer 9

develops from intermediate mesoderm and cloaca

Question 10

Facial nerve branches

Answer 10

           Temporal branch
           Zygomatic branch
           Buccal branch
           Marginal mandibular branch
      *     Cervical branch

Question 11

Leg nerve supply:

Answer 11

Anterior compartment - deep fibular
Lateral compartment - superficial fibular
Posterior compartment - tibial nerve

Question 12

1st pharyngral arch

Answer 12

V (maxillary and ext carotid arteries)

Question 13

2nd pharyngeal arch

Answer 13

VII (stapedial and hyoid arteries)

Question 14

3rd pharyngeal arch

Answer 14

IX (common and internal carotid)

Question 15

4th pharyngeal arch

Answer 15

X (subclavian a and aortic arch)

Question 16

6th pharyngeal arch

Answer 16

X (pulmonary artery)

Question 17

Paraurethral glands of Skene -

Answer 17

female counterpart of prostate

Question 18

Müllerian duct -

Answer 18

becomes uterus and fallopian tubes

Question 19

Wolffian duct -

Answer 19

becomes epidydymis and vascular deferens

Question 20

Müllerian duct remnants in men :

Answer 20

testicular appendage, prostatic utricle

Question 21

Bochdalek vs Morgagni -

Answer 21

both diaphragm hernias; bochdalek left posterior, morgagni right anterior

Question 22

Exomphalos/omphalocoele vs gastroschisis

Answer 22

gastroschisis no membrane/sac, urgent repair but staged; exomphalos sac present and semi urgent

Question 23

Exomphalos -

Answer 23

gut does not return to abdominal cavity

Question 24

Gastroschisis

Answer 24

• abdominal wall fails to close

Question 25

Prefixed brachial plexus -

Answer 25

C4 contributes to the plexus and T1 does not

Question 26

Postfixed plexus -

Answer 26

T2 contributes to the plexus but C5 does not

Question 27

1st pharyngeal arch:

Answer 27

Temporal bone, maxilla, zygomatic bone, maxillary artery, trigeminal nerve, muscles of mastication

Question 28

2nd pharyngeal arch:

Answer 28

Inner ear, facial nerve, facial expression muscles, platysma

Question 29

3rd pharyngeal arch:

Answer 29

Common carotid, hyoid, stylopharyngeus

Question 30

4th pharyngeal arch:

Answer 30

Subclavian artery, aortic arch, superior laryngeal n

Question 31

6th pharyngeal arch:

Answer 31

Recurrent laryngeal n, intrinsic muscles of larynx

Question 32

1st pharyngeal pouch:

Answer 32

Eustachian tube, middle ear

Question 33

2nd pharyngeal pouch:

Answer 33

Palatine tonsils

Question 34

3rd pharyngeal pouch:

Answer 34

Thymus and inferior parathyroid gland

Question 35

4th pharyngeal pouch:

Answer 35

C cells of parathyroid, superior parathyroids

Question 36

JVP Absent a wave

Answer 36

AF

Question 37

JVP Large a waves

Answer 37

Any cause of right ventricular hypertrophy, tricuspid stenosis

Question 38

JVP cannon a waves

Answer 38

Complete heart block

Question 39

JVP prominent v waves

Answer 39

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 40

JVP slow y descent

Answer 40

Tricuspid stenosis, right atrial myxoma

Question 41

JVP steep y descent

Answer 41

Right ventricular failure, constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid regurgitation