Upper GI II

Question 1

________ opens into bottom of gastic pit

Answer 1

Narrow isthmus

Question 2

______ of the gastric gland extends into the lamina propria

Answer 2

Fundus (base)

Question 3

Cells of the gastric gland

Answer 3

• mucous neck cells
• Stem cells in neck
• Chief cells (zymogenic cells)
• Parietal cells (oxyntic cells)
• Enteroendocrine Cells (APUD cells)

Question 4

Mucous neck cells of the gastric glands secrete

Answer 4

soluble mucous

Question 5

Chief cells (zymogenic cells) secrete

Answer 5

Pepsinogen

Question 6

Parietal cells (oxyntic cells) manufacture _______ and secrete ______

Answer 6

Manufacture HCl (note that they secrete H+ and Cl-) 
They secrete intrinsic factor

Question 7

Enteroendocrine cells (APUD cells) function of gastric glands

Answer 7

• secrete hormones

- Amine Precursor uptake and decarboxylation

Question 8

Parietal cells are unique cell of the

Answer 8

gastric gland

Question 9

Histological characteristics of parietal cells

Answer 9

Large pyramidal shaped, eosinophilic cell

Question 10

Parietal cells produce ______ and secrete ____-

Answer 10

Produce HCl

Secrete intrinsic factor

Question 11

Parietal cells generate hydrogen ion from _______ similar to osteoclast

Answer 11

carbonic acid

Question 12

Parietal cells have prominent __________ lined by ______

Answer 12

Parietal cells have a prominent intracellular canaliculi lined by microvilli

Question 13

_________ of the parietal cells are part of exocytosis-endocytosis funciton

Answer 13

Turbulovesicle pools

Question 14

Function of gastric intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells

Answer 14

necessary for absorption of Vitamin B12 by the ileum

Question 15

Chief cells secrete

Answer 15

pepsinogen

Question 16

small cells of gastric glands with secretory vesicles polarized toward basal surface in proximity to blood vessels

Answer 16

Enteroendocrine (APUD cell)

Question 17

The enteroendocrine cell (APUD cell) produce

Answer 17

peptide hormone and serotonin

Question 18

What increases surface area of the Intestines

Answer 18

= Length of small and large intestine

• Plicae circulares (valves of Kreckring)
• Villi
• Microvilli

Question 19

What are the 3 levels of folding in the small intestine that increase surface area

Answer 19

• Plicae
• Crypt-Villus System
• Microvilli

Question 20

These are folds of the mucosa, each with a submucosal core

Answer 20

Plicae

Question 21

Each villus contains a core of

Answer 21

lamina propria

Question 22

The crypts extend down between the _____ below the

Answer 22

Villi, below the bases of the villi

Question 23

Crypts and villi constitute _______ of the small intestine

Answer 23

glands

Question 24

Wall of villus is composed of ________ epithelium with _______

Answer 24

simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 25

Each villus contains a blind-ending lymphatic referred to as a

Answer 25

lacteal

Question 26

Each villus contains a ______ plexus

Answer 26

Capillary plexus

Question 27

Each villus contains

Answer 27

- A core of lamina propria - A capillary plexus - a blind-ending lymphatic referred to as a lacteal

Question 28

Microvilli are covered with ______ and _______

Answer 28

Glycoprotein and glycocalyx (glycolipid coat)

Question 29

Glycocalyx (glycolipid coat of microvilli) contains an array of ________ enzymes . Name them? and who produces them

Answer 29

Brush-boarder enzymes - Maltase - Sucrase - Isomaltase - Lactase - Lipase - Peptidases - Produced by small intestinal epithelial cells

Question 30

Gastric glands are simple ______ ______ glands

Answer 30

Gastric glands are simple branched tubular glands

Question 31

Bundles of actin filaments within microvillus are covered by a

Answer 31

formin cap

Question 32

The actin filaments of a microvillus are tied to terminal web intermediate filaments (cytokeratins) via

Answer 32

spectrin fibrils

Question 33

Microvilli are supported by

Answer 33

actin microfilaments

Question 34

Actin filaments of microvilli are tied to ________ via spectrin fibrils

Answer 34

Terminal web intermediate filaments (cytokeratins)

Question 35

Actin filaments of microvilli are bound to plasma membrane covering villus via membrane-linking proteins____ and ____

Answer 35

- Myosin I | - Calmodulin

Question 36

Actin filaments of microvilli are bound to each other via actin cross-linking proteins _____ and _____

Answer 36

villin and fimbrin