Upper GI II Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

________ opens into bottom of gastic pit

A

Narrow isthmus

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2
Q

______ of the gastric gland extends into the lamina propria

A

Fundus (base)

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3
Q

Cells of the gastric gland

A
  • mucous neck cells
  • Stem cells in neck
  • Chief cells (zymogenic cells)
  • Parietal cells (oxyntic cells)
  • Enteroendocrine Cells (APUD cells)
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4
Q

Mucous neck cells of the gastric glands secrete

A

soluble mucous

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5
Q

Chief cells (zymogenic cells) secrete

A

Pepsinogen

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6
Q

Parietal cells (oxyntic cells) manufacture _______ and secrete ______

A
Manufacture HCl (note that they secrete H+ and Cl-) 
They secrete intrinsic factor
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7
Q

Enteroendocrine cells (APUD cells) function of gastric glands

A
  • secrete hormones

- Amine Precursor uptake and decarboxylation

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8
Q

Parietal cells are unique cell of the

A

gastric gland

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9
Q

Histological characteristics of parietal cells

A

Large pyramidal shaped, eosinophilic cell

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10
Q

Parietal cells produce ______ and secrete ____-

A

Produce HCl

Secrete intrinsic factor

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11
Q

Parietal cells generate hydrogen ion from _______ similar to osteoclast

A

carbonic acid

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12
Q

Parietal cells have prominent __________ lined by ______

A

Parietal cells have a prominent intracellular canaliculi lined by microvilli

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13
Q

_________ of the parietal cells are part of exocytosis-endocytosis funciton

A

Turbulovesicle pools

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14
Q

Function of gastric intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells

A

necessary for absorption of Vitamin B12 by the ileum

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15
Q

Chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

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16
Q

small cells of gastric glands with secretory vesicles polarized toward basal surface in proximity to blood vessels

A

Enteroendocrine (APUD cell)

17
Q

The enteroendocrine cell (APUD cell) produce

A

peptide hormone and serotonin

18
Q

What increases surface area of the Intestines

A

= Length of small and large intestine

  • Plicae circulares (valves of Kreckring)
  • Villi
  • Microvilli
19
Q

What are the 3 levels of folding in the small intestine that increase surface area

A
  • Plicae
  • Crypt-Villus System
  • Microvilli
20
Q

These are folds of the mucosa, each with a submucosal core

21
Q

Each villus contains a core of

A

lamina propria

22
Q

The crypts extend down between the _____ below the

A

Villi, below the bases of the villi

23
Q

Crypts and villi constitute _______ of the small intestine

24
Q

Wall of villus is composed of ________ epithelium with _______

A

simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

25
Each villus contains a blind-ending lymphatic referred to as a
lacteal
26
Each villus contains a ______ plexus
Capillary plexus
27
Each villus contains
- A core of lamina propria - A capillary plexus - a blind-ending lymphatic referred to as a lacteal
28
Microvilli are covered with ______ and _______
Glycoprotein and glycocalyx (glycolipid coat)
29
Glycocalyx (glycolipid coat of microvilli) contains an array of ________ enzymes . Name them? and who produces them
Brush-boarder enzymes - Maltase - Sucrase - Isomaltase - Lactase - Lipase - Peptidases - Produced by small intestinal epithelial cells
30
Gastric glands are simple ______ ______ glands
Gastric glands are simple branched tubular glands
31
Bundles of actin filaments within microvillus are covered by a
formin cap
32
The actin filaments of a microvillus are tied to terminal web intermediate filaments (cytokeratins) via
spectrin fibrils
33
Microvilli are supported by
actin microfilaments
34
Actin filaments of microvilli are tied to ________ via spectrin fibrils
Terminal web intermediate filaments (cytokeratins)
35
Actin filaments of microvilli are bound to plasma membrane covering villus via membrane-linking proteins____ and ____
- Myosin I | - Calmodulin
36
Actin filaments of microvilli are bound to each other via actin cross-linking proteins _____ and _____
villin and fimbrin